Transcript PPT

Discovering Computers
Chapter 8 System software
Part 1
Operating Systems
Ch 1 – Introduction
Ch 2 – Internet & WWW
Ch 3 – Application Software
Ch 4
Processor
Control
Control
Unit
Unit
Arithmetic
Arithmetic
Logic
(ALU)
Logic Unit
Unit (ALU)
Instructions
Data
Information
Input
Devices
Ch 5
MemoryInformation Output
Data
Ch 8 – System Software
Devices
Ch 6
Instructions
Data
Information
Storage
Devices
Ch 7
2
What are hardware and software?
Hardware
Electronic and
mechanical equipment
Software
Instructions that
tell hardware what
tasks to do, control
and assist the
execution of tasks
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What is software ( SW )?
Programs that
control and
assist the
operations of
the computer –
System
Software
Programs that
perform
specific tasks
for users –
Application
Software
What is system software?
Programs that control the operations of the
computer and its devices
Operating
System (OS)
Utility
Programs
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Application Software
To assist with
graphics and
multimedia
projects
To facilitate
communications
To serve as
productivity
business
tool
To support
personal
business,
education
What is OS?
Operating system (OS)
(sometimes called the platform)
coordinates all activities
among computer
hardware
resources
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Operating System coordinates all the activities
Start and shut
down a
computer
Provide a user
interface
Schedule
jobs
Manage
memory
Manage
programs
Work with
devices
Work with
networks
Monitor
performance
Organize and
manage files
Automatic
updates
Control the
computer
Administer
security
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What are the functions of an operating system?
Internet
connections
start (boot)
the
computer
provide a user
interface
administer
security
manage
programs
manage
memory
control a
network
provide file
configure
management devices
establish
schedule
an Internet jobs
connection
What is booting?
Starting a computer
Bringing in the
kernel of OS
Learning about
resources
Checking the
resources
Displaying the
desktop
Three shut down options
Shut down closes
all, forgets
everything, powers
off
Hibernate saves any open
documents and programs to a
hard disk before removing
power from the computer
Sleep mode saves any open
documents, turns off all
unneeded functions
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What is a user interface?

Controls how you enter data and instructions and
how information displays on screen

Provides tools and means to tell the computer what
to do and for the computer to tell you what is going
on.
What is the command-line user interface?
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

User interacts with
menus and visual
images such as buttons
and other graphical
objects
Automatic update automatically
provides updates to the program
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How does an operating system schedule jobs?
A job is an operation
having an input, an output,
and a meaningful function
Jobs have to be scheduled for execution To
be scheduled they have to be assigned by
OS all required by them resources
How does OS manages programs?
Expects programs to cooperate –
Cooperative OS
Gives each program a slice of time –
Preemptive by quantum
Gives programs time according to their priorities –
Preemptive by priorities
What is memory management?


Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is
allocated to function as RAM
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What is spooling?

Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer
How do you establish an Internet connection?
 Operating system
includes Connect
to a network
wizard, that
guides the user
through setting up
connection
between computer
and Internet
service provider
A performance monitor is a program that assesses
and reports information about various computer
resources and devices
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What are the functions of an operating system?
start the computer: booting, BIOS, kernel, resources detection & test
provide a user interface: command-line, GUI
schedule jobs: waiting, ready, running
manage programs: cooperative, preemptive, quantum, priorities
manage memory
configure devices: device drivers
organize file system
connect to the Internet
control a network
administer security
Discovering Computers
Ch 8
System software
Operating Systems continued
Categories of operating
systems?
The machine
Group of computers,
the computer and
the user
Embedded
Network
Stand-alone
The computer and the user
Stand-alone operating systems
Windows
7
Windows
Vista
Windows
XP
Linux
Mac OS
X
Chrome
OS
UNIX
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Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most
efficient operating system to date and is
available in multiple editions:
Windows 7
Starter
Windows 7
Home
Premium
Windows 7
Ultimate
Windows 7
Professional
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Windows 7 provides programs such as:
Windows
Firewall
Windows
DVD Maker
Windows
Media Player
Desktop
Gadget
Gallery
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Windows versions
Windows Version
Year Released
Windows 3.x
1990
Windows 95
1995
Windows 98
1998
Windows Millennium
2000
Windows XP
2001
Windows Vista
2006
Windows 7
2009
The Macintosh operating system has set the
standard for operating system ease of use
Latest version is Mac OS X
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What is Mac OS X?



Available only for computers manufactured
by Apple
Integration of SW and HW
Macintosh operating
system has been
model for most GUIs
What is UNIX?

Used by power users because of its flexibility
and power
What is Linux?


Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system
Open-source software
Code is available to
public
e
Network Operating Systems
Allows users to share resources on a network
Windows
Server 2008
UNIX
Linux
Solaris
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Some operating systems
are designed to work
with a server on a
network
A server operating
system organizes and
coordinates how
multiple users access
and share resources
on a network
A network
administrator uses
the server operating
system to:
 Add and remove users,
computers, and other
devices
 Install software and
administer network
security
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An embedded operating system are for
mobile devices or consumer electronic
device
Windows
Embedded
CE
iPhone OS
Windows
Mobile
Palm OS
Blackberry
Embedded
Linux
Symbian OS
Android
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Ch 8
System software
Utility Programs
What is a utility program?
System software that performs maintenance-type tasks
System software provides users with the capability of:
Managing
files
Searching
for files
Viewing
images
Securing a
computer
Uninstalling
programs
Cleaning up
disks
Diagnosing
problems
Backing up
files and
disks
Defragment
ing disks
Setting up
screen
savers
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What is a file manager? Windows Explorer

Performs functions related to file management
A file manager is a utility that performs
functions related to file management
 Displaying a list of files
 Organizing files in folders
 Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and
sorting files and folders
 Creating shortcuts
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A personal firewall detects and protects
a personal computer from
unauthorized intrusions
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What is an uninstaller?
Removes a
program and
all associated files
For Windows Vista it is
in the Control Panel
What is a disk scanner?

Searches for
and
removes
unnecessary
files
A disk cleanup utility searches for and
removes unnecessary files
 Downloaded program
files
 Temporary Internet
files
 Deleted files
 Unused program
files
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What is a disk defragmenter?

Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so
programs run faster
What is a diagnostic utility?


Compiles technical information about
hardware and software
Prepares report outlining problems
Performance monitor assesses and reports
about system resources and devices
A backup utility allows users to copy
files to another storage medium
A restore utility reverses the process and
returns backed up files to their
original form
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A screen saver causes a display device’s
screen to show a moving image or blank
screen if no activity occurs for a specified
time
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A virus describes a potentially damaging
computer program that affects a computer
negatively
A worm
copies itself
repeatedly in
memory or
over a
network
A Trojan An antivirus
horse hides
program
within or
protects a
looks like a
computer
legitimate
against
program
viruses
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What is an antivirus program?


Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage
media, and incoming files
Must be updated frequently
Spyware is a program placed on
a computer without the user’s
knowledge that secretly collects
information about the user
• A spyware remover detects
and deletes spyware and other
similar programs
Adware displays an online
advertisement in a banner or
pop-up window
• An adware remover is a
program that detects and
deletes adware
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Filters are programs that remove or block certain
items from being displayed
Web
filters
Anti-spam
programs
Phishing
filters
Pop-up
blockers
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What is a file compression utility?



Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve
performance
Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files
Two popular utilities:
PKZIP and WinZip
A search utility attempts to locate a file
based on criteria you specify
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What is a media player?

Allows you to view
images and animation,
listen to audio, and
watch video files on
your computer
Disc burning software
writes text,
graphics, audio,
and video files on a
recordable or
rewritable optical
disc
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A personal computer
maintenance utility
identifies and fixes
operating system
problems, detects and
repairs disk
problems, and
includes the
capability of
improving a
computer’s
performance
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Popular Utility Programs
Antivirus
Program
Personal
Firewall
File
Compression
Backup
Spyware
Remover
Media
Player
Internet
Filters
File
Manager
CD/DVD
PC
Burning Maintenance
Popular Utility Programs
Uninstaller
Disk
scanner
Screen
saver
Disk
defragmenter
Diagnostic
Utility
Performance
monitor
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