Transcript C03.Softwarex - SIUE Computer Science

Software
… refers to the electronic instructions that govern a computer’s
actions to provide a computing service.
In this section:
• Software Engineering • System Software
• Acquiring Software
• Application Software
• Software License
• Managing Software
Concepts > Software
Software
Engineering
Requirements
Design
Implementation
…is the systematic process of transforming a
software idea into functional software.
In this section:
• Computer Programming
• Programming Languages
• Application Programming Interface
Concepts > Software > Software Engineering
Verification
Maintenance
Acquiring
Software
…refers to the several methods by which software can be purchased
or accessed, such as off-the-self, custom-designed, or Web-based
(cloud computing).
In this section:
• Off-the-Shelf Software
• Custom-Designed Software
• Cloud Computing
Concepts > Software > Acquiring Software
Off-the-Shelf Software
Off-the-shelf software refers to
software that is mass-produced for
use by the general public and made
available through online outlets or
retail stores.
System requirements are usually
printed on the outside of the box that
contains the software or on the Web
page from which you download the
software.
Concepts > Software > Acquiring Software > Off-the-Shelf Software
Custom-Designed Software
Custom-designed software is
software created to meet a unique
need; typically used in business,
custom-designed software can give a
business a competitive advantage.
1000’s of online businesses
deliver software-based service
over the Web, including:
Although custom-designed software can
help businesses and institutions to be
more efficient and effective, some
companies develop software to provide
their primary service to the public.
Concepts > Software > Acquiring Software > Custom-Designed Software
•Google
•Facebook
•Hulu
•Twitter
•eBay
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing refers
to a computing
environment where
software and storage are
provided on the Internet
and accessed over the
Web, requiring very few
resources to be installed or
stored on the user’s
computer, and providing
access from any Internetconnected device.
Links:
Akamai
Concepts > Software > Acquiring Software > Cloud Computing
Salesforce.com
Concepts > Software > Acquiring Software > Cloud Computing
Software
Licenses
A software license defines the permissions, rights, and restrictions
assigned to the person who purchases a copy of software.
In this section:
• Freeware
• Open-Source Software
• Creative Commons License
Concepts > Software > Software Licenses
Freeware
Freeware is software that is made
available to the public for free.
Software
Thunderbird
Pidgin (formerly Gaim)
Adobe Reader
AVG Anti-Virus
OpenOffice.org
Description
An email and newsgroup software program
An instant messaging software program that runs on Windows and Linux
operating systems
A free program used to read Adobe PDF files
A free antivirus program that requires registration on the www.stop-sign.com
Web site
A free and open-source suite of word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, and
database programs
Concepts > Software > Software Licenses > Freeware
Open-Source Software
Open-source software is
distributed, typically for free, with
the source code so that it can be
studied, changed, and improved
by its users.
Concepts > Software > Software License s > Open-Source Software
System
Software
… is any software that coordinates the activities of the hardware and
assists the computer in functioning effectively and efficiently.
In this section:
• Boot Process
• Operating System
• User Interface
• File Management
•
•
•
•
Microsoft Windows
Mac OS
Linux
Virtual Machine Software
Concepts > Software > System Software
•
•
•
•
Mobile Operating Systems
Industrial Operating Systems
Embedded Operating Systems
Utility Software
Boot Process
The boot process, also known as
booting, booting up, or
bootstrapping, is the sequence of
instructions in the BIOS that are
executed when a computer is
powered on to check the system
and load the operating system into
memory.
The boot process instructions are
part of the BIOS, which is burned
into memory so that it is always
ready for the processor to
execute.
Concepts > Software > System Software > Boot Process
Operating System
An operating system (OS) is a
set of computer programs that
runs or controls the computer
hardware, and acts as an interface
with both application programs
and users.
Application
Software
OS
The operating system provides a user interface that allows the user to interact with the
system. The user interface is what defines the user’s experience and causes some
users to prefer Windows or Mac.
Concepts > Software > System Software > Operating System
Mac vs PC vs Linux
Concepts > Software > System Software > Operating System
User Interface
A user interface (UI) allows one
or more people to have access to
and command of a computer
system or computer software.
Microsoft claims that its
Windows Phone 7 Series user
interface will change the mobile
phone industry.
The UNIX command-based interface
Concepts > Software > System Software > Operating System
File Management
File management refers to the
physical and logical storage
system and practices provided for
managing data on a computer.
Operating systems provide tools for managing files. Microsoft Windows users use My
Documents or Documents to manage their files, while Mac users use Finder. All
computers store and manipulate files that can contain data, instructions, or both.
Concepts > Software > System Software > Operating System
Virtual Machine Software;
Mobile and Embedded OS
Ubuntu Linux running in a virtual machine on a Mac
HTC and Google’s
Nexus One running
Android OS
Courtesy of HTC
Corporation
GPS navigation systems
use embedded
operating systems.
Image copyright 2010,
Pincasso. Used under
license from Shutterstock.
Concepts > Software > System Software > Virtual Machine Software; Mobile and Embedded OS
Utility Software
• Defragmentation and disk
utilities
• Backup utilities
• Security software
• Spam and pop-up blockers
• Windows cleaners
• Diagnostic software
Utility software is any system software besides the OS that
assists in maintaining, managing, and protecting computer
system resources.
Concepts > Software > System Software > Utlitiy Software
Application
Software
… consists of programs written to perform tasks or solve problems for
people, groups, and organizations.
In this section:
• Productivity Software
– Word Processing Software
– Spreadsheet Software
– Presentation Software
– Database Software
Concepts > Software > Application Software
• Personal Information Management
(PIM) Software
• Mobile Software
• Rich Internet Application (RIA)
Productivity Software
Productivity software is any software designed
to help individuals be more productive; often used
in reference to software suites that include word
processing, spreadsheet, database, and
presentation software.
Links:
Microsoft Office 2010
Corel Office & Utilities; IBM Lotus SmartSuite; Apple iWork; Sun Microsystems StarOffice;
OpenOffice.org; Microsoft Works; NeoOffice
Concepts > Software > Application Software > Productivity Software
Personal Information
Management (PIM) Software
Personal information
management (PIM) software
helps individuals store useful
information such as to-do lists,
appointment calendars, and
contact lists.
Microsoft Outlook, Google Calendar, and iCal are some
examples of PIM software.
Concepts > Software > Application Software > Mobile Software
Mobile Software
More and more computing is
being done on mobile devices.
It is useful to consider what
computing activities are most
practical on the mobile platform
with its small display and tiny
keyboard.
Mobile software, also called mobile apps, refers to
software that is designed for smart phones.
Concepts > Software > Application Software > Mobile Software
Rich Internet Application (RIA)
An increasing amount of
software is available online,
often for free. RIAs provide
convenient services without a
cumbersome installation
procedure.
A Rich Internet Application (RIA) has the power and
functionality of a desktop application, but is delivered over
the Web and used in a Web browser window.
Links:
Concepts > Software > Application Software > Mobile Software
Windows Live
Google Apps
Zoho Apps
Managing
Software
… refers to activities required to install, maintain, and remove software
from a computer system.
In this section:
• Installing Software
• Maintaining Software
• Uninstalling Software
Concepts > Software > Managing Software
Discussion Questions
1. List and describe at least three features you would look for when selecting a computing
platform.
2. Review a list of the current software installed on the classroom computer. If this were
your personal computer, how you would decide whether to keep or remove any of the
programs listed?
3. Describe how you organize your files on your computer. Include details such as file
naming techniques and folder management.
4. Choose two career areas in which you are interested. List the types of application
programs you would need to know for each.
5. You need to upgrade and acquire new off-the-shelf productivity software for the
computer lab. Identify a software suite that would most benefit students.
6. Visit http://www.embedded.com to research the latest technology incorporating
embedded operating systems. Choose one product, explain what it does, and identify
its benefits to society.
7. You are going to be travelling for the next six months with access to only public
computers. Research RIAs and discuss how it will support your collaboration with
colleagues on documents.
8. List what factors you should consider when choosing between custom-designed
software and off-the-shelf software.
9. Choose one PIM that you would like to use. Discuss ease of use and benefits.
Concepts > Software > Discussion Questions