Transcript operating system - UPM EduTrain Interactive Learning

UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
Chapter 3:
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Learning Objectives
• Explain methods of OS and utility program functions
• Use appropriate commands in OS and utility program
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9
Objectives Overview
Define system
software and identify
the two types of
system software
Describe the
functions of an
operating system
Summarize the
startup process on a
personal computer
Summarize the
features of several
stand-alone operating
systems
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Objectives Overview
Briefly describe
various server
operating systems
Summarize the
features of several
embedded operating
systems
Explain the purpose
of several utility
programs
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System Software
• System software consists of the programs that control or
maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
Operating
systems
Utility
Programs
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Operating Systems
• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing
instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities
among computer and mobile device hardware
Start and shut down
a computer or
mobile device
Provide a user
interface
Manage programs
Manage memory
Coordinate tasks
Configure devices
Establish an
Internet connection
Monitor
performance
Provide file
management and
other device or
media-related tasks
Updating operating
system software
Control a network
Administer security
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Operating Systems
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Operating System Functions
• The process of starting or restarting a computer is called
booting
Cold boot
• Turning on
a computer
that has
been
powered off
completely
Warm boot
• Using the
operating
system to
restart a
computer
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Operating System Functions
• An operating system includes various power options
Sleep mode saves any
open documents running
programs or apps to
memory, turns off all
unneeded functions, and
then places the computer in
a low-power state
Hibernate saves any open
documents and running
programs or apps to an
internal hard drive before
removing power from the
computer or device
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Operating System Functions
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Operating System Functions
• A user interface
controls how you
enter data and
instructions and how
information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface (GUI),
you interact with
menus and visual
images
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Operating System Functions
• In a command-line interface, a user types commands
represented by short keywords or abbreviations or presses
special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions
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Operating System Functions
• How an operating system handles programs directly affects
your productivity
Single user and
multiuser
Single tasking
and
multitasking
Preemptive
multitasking
Foreground
and
background
Multiprocessing
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Operating System Functions
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Operating System Functions
• Memory management optimizes the use of the
computer or device’s internal memory
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM
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Operating System Functions
• The operating system determines the order in which tasks are
processed
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Operating System Functions
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Operating System Functions
• Operating systems typically provide a means to establish
Internet connections
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Operating System Functions
• A performance monitor is a program that assesses and
reports information about various computer resources and
devices
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Operating System Functions
• Operating systems often provide users with a variety of tools
related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs
File
Manager
Search
Image Viewer
Uninstaller
Disk Cleanup
Disk
Defragmenter
Screen Saver
File
Compression
PC
Maintenance
Backup and
Restore
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Operating System Functions
• Automatic update automatically provides new features or
corrections to the program
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Operating System Functions
• Some operating
• A network
systems are designed
to work with a server
on a network
• These multiuser
operating systems
allow multiple users to
share a printer,
Internet access, files,
and programs
administrator uses the
server operating
system to:
• Add and remove users,
computers, and other
devices
• Configure the network,
install software and
administer network
security
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Operating System Functions
• A user account
enables a use to sign
in to, or access
resources on, a
network or computer
• A user name, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
• A password is a private
combination of
characters associated
with the user name
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Types of Operating Systems
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Desktop Operating Systems
• A desktop operating system is a complete operating system
that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets
Windows
Mac OS
Linux
UNIX
Chrome
OS
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Desktop Operating Systems
• Windows 8 offers these features:
• Start screen interface with tiles
• Includes the desktop interface
• Support for input via touch, mouse, and keyboard
• Email app, calendar app, and browser included
• Photos, files, and settings you can sync with SkyDrive
• Enhanced security through an antivirus program, firewall, and automatic
updates
• Windows Store offers additional applications for purchase
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Desktop Operating Systems
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Desktop Operating Systems
• The Macintosh operating system has earned a reputation for
its ease of use
• Latest version is OS X
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Desktop Operating Systems
UNIX is a multitasking
operating system
developed in the early
1970s
Linux is a popular,
multitasking UNIX-based
operating system
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Desktop Operating Systems
• Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system designed to
work primarily with web apps
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Server Operating Systems
Windows
Server
OS X
Server
UNIX
Linux
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Mobile Operating Systems
• The operating system on mobile devices and many consumer
electronics is called a mobile operating system and resides
on firmware
Android
iOS
Windows
Phone
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Mobile Operating Systems
• Android is an open
source, Linux-based
mobile operating
system designed by
Google for
smartphones and
tablets
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Mobile Operating Systems
• iOS, developed by
Apple, is a proprietary
mobile operating
system specifically
made for Apple’s
mobile devices
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Mobile Operating Systems
• Windows Phone,
developed by
Microsoft, is a
proprietary mobile
operating system that
runs on some
smartphones
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Embedded Operating Systems
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Utility Programs
• A utility program is a type of system software that allows a
user to perform maintenance-type tasks
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File and Disk Management Tools
• A file manager is a tool that performs functions related to file
management
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File and Disk Management Tools
• A search tool is a
program, usually
included with an
operating system, that
attempts to locate a file
on your computer or
mobile device based
on criteria you specify
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File and Disk Management Tools
• An image viewer is a
tool that allows users
to display, copy, and
print the contents of a
graphics file, such as a
photo
• An uninstaller is a tool
that removes a
program, as well as
any associated entries
in the system files
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File and Disk Management Tools
• A disk cleanup tool searches for and removes unnecessary
files
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File and Disk Management Tools
• A disk defragmenter is a tool that reorganizes the
files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so
that the operating system accesses data more
quickly and programs run faster
• Defragmenting
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File and Disk Management Tools
A screen saver is a tool that causes a display device’s screen to
show a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse
activity occurs for a specified time
A file compression tool shrinks the size of a file(s)
A PC maintenance tool is a program that identifies and fixes
operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and
includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance
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File and Disk Management Tools
• A backup tool allows users to copy, or back up, selected files
or the contents of an entire storage medium to another storage
location
• A restore utility reverses the process and returns backed up
files to their original form
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Security Tools
• A personal firewall is a security tool that detects and protects
a personal computer and its data from unauthorized intrusions
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Security Tools
• An antivirus program protects a computer against viruses by
identifying and removing any computer viruses found in
memory, on storage media, or on incoming files
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Security Tools
A virus describes a potentially damaging computer
program that affects a computer negatively
A worm
A Trojan
copies itself
horse hides
repeatedly in within or looks
memory or
like a
over a
legitimate
network
program
An antivirus
program
protects a
computer
against
viruses
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Security Tools
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Security Tools
• Spyware is a program placed on a computer or mobile device
without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information
about the user and then communicates the information it
collects to some outside source while the user is online
• Adware is a program that displays an online advertisement in
a banner or pop-up window on webpages, email messages, or
other Internet services
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Security Tools
A spyware remover is a program
that detects and deletes spyware
and similar programs
An adware remover is a program
that detects and deletes adware
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Security Tools
Internet
filters
Anti-spam
programs
Phishing
filters
Web
filters
Pop-up
blockers
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Summary
Definition of system
software
Functions common to
most operating systems
Variety of stand-alone
operating systems,
server operating
systems, and
embedded operating
systems
Several utility programs