Transcript computer based systems powerpoint

Computer-Based Systems
Computer-Based Systems
Personnel
Hardware
Computer
-Based
System
Data
Software
Procedures
Computer-Based Systems
• A computer-based system is a system that has
a computer as its central component.
• Computer-based systems have five elements:
– Hardware
– Software
– Data
– Procedures
– Personnel
Hardware
Input
Hardware
Storage
Output
Process
and
Control
The Motherboard
Hardware
• Hardware is the physical part of the computerbased system.
• Hardware has five elements:
– Input
– Output
– Control
– Process
– Storage
Input Devices
Microphone
Input
Keyboard
Mouse
Input Devices
• Input devices allow us to enter data into the
computer-based system.
• Some examples of input devices are:
– Keyboard (entering alphanumeric data)
– Mouse (selecting and manipulating graphic
elements)
– Microphone (entering audio data)
– Web Camera (entering visual data)
Output Devices
Printer
Output
Speakers
Screen
Output Devices
• Output devices allow us to display information
from the computer-based system.
• Some examples of output devices are:
– Screen (displays dynamic representation of
information)
– Printer (displays static representation of
information)
– Speakers (display audio information)
More …
Data vs. Information
• We enter data into the computer-based
system using input devices. Data is numbers
and letters.
• When this data is displayed using output
devices so that it has meaning, we have
information.
• Data + Meaning = Information
Storage Devices
Storage
Primary
Secondary
Primary Storage
Primary
Secondary Storage
Storage Devices
• Storage devices hold data.
• There are two types of storage:
– Primary (needed for the computer to operate)
– Secondary (important, but not necessary)
• There are two types of primary storage:
– RAM (Random Access Memory) holds the data
that the computer is using right now.
– ROM (Read Only Memory) holds instructions that
tell the computer how to start up.
More …
An Analogy …
• Secondary storage is like a bookshelf. You can keep lots
of books on the bookshelf. While they are on the
bookshelf, you can’t read them. They are just stored
there. We save all our files and programs to secondary
storage when we are not using them.
• RAM (Primary Storage) is like your desk. When you
want to read a book, you grab it off the bookshelf (aka
secondary storage) and place it on your desk. The
larger your desk, the more books (files and programs)
you can have open at the same time. The more RAM
you have, the more files and programs you can use at
the same time without slowing the system.
Process and Control
• There is only one process device – the ALU
(Arithmetic Logic Unit). This device performs all
the mathematical and logical operations required
on the data.
• There is only one control device – the CU (Control
Unit). This device directs the flow of data
throughout the system.
• Together, the CU and the ALU comprise a piece of
hardware called the CPU (Central Processing Unit)
or Processor.
More …
The CPU
Control Unit
Central Processing Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit
More …
Flow of Data
Arithmetic Logic
Unit
Input
Control Unit
Storage
Output
The Motherboard
CPU Slot
RAM Slots
CMOS Battery
Networking
Slot
ROM
Universal
Serial Bus
(USB) Slots
PS/2 Slot
for a
keyboard
Digital Video
Interface (DVI) Slot
Audio Input
and Output
Slots
Video Graphics
Adaptor (VGA)
Slot
More …
The Motherboard
• The motherboard is a fibreglass board
implanted with a number of slots connected
by soldered wires (bus). Hardware devices are
slotted into these slots and communicate with
each other through the bus.
• External hardware that plugs into the
motherboard from outside the computer’s
box are called peripherals.
Software
Applications
Operating
System
Software
Utilities
Software
• Software is detailed instructions that tell the
hardware what to do!
• There are three types of software:
– Operating System (which allows the user to
interact with the computer-based system)
– Applications (programs that allow you to complete
tasks that you want to do)
– Utilities (programs that keep the Operating System
in working order)
Operating System
Android
XP
Ubuntu
Windows
Linux
Operating
System
Mac OS
Windows 7
Vista
OS X 10.8
Mountain Lion
OS X 10.7
Lion
Operating Systems
• There are two families of operating system:
– Windows (produced by Microsoft), a proprietary
operating system, installed by default on most
computer systems. There have been many different
versions of Windows. You need to pay to upgrade to
each new version. Most software available in stores is
written for the Windows operating system.
– Linux (produced by numerous companies and
individuals) is an open source operating system.
There are many different versions of this software. It
is available for sale and for free.
More …
Three Desktops …
Mac OSX 10.8 Mountain Lion
Windows 7
Note: Up until version 9 of Mac’s OS, they
produced their own proprietary operating
system. Now, they base their OS on Linux –
but it is licensed only to run on their own
hardware.
It’s not free, unlike other types of Linux.
Ubuntu 11.10 “Oneiric Ocelot”
Applications
Instant
Messaging
Email
Microsoft Office
Office
Suites
Communication
Applications
iWork
Web Browsers
OpenOffice
Media
Graphics
Games
Applications
• Applications are programs run by the computer user to
complete a task
• Applications can be divided into categories:
– Office Suites are used for creating and editing
documents. These can be word processor files,
spread sheets, presentations, and more. There are
many office suites, including Microsoft Office
(Windows), iWork (Mac), and OpenOffice, among
others.
– Graphics editors create and edit pictures. These
include proprietary software such as Adobe
Photoshop, Illustrator, and Flash, as well as opensource software such as Inkscape and GIMP
More …
Applications
– Games are software applications for enjoyment,
although some are designed to be educational.
– Media applications allow us to create and play
audio-visual material. This includes software such
as iTunes, Windows Media Player, VLC, PhotoStory,
and Adobe Premiere.
– Communication Applications allows us to communicate
with others. Communication applications include:
• Web Browsers (Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome,
Apple Safari)
• Email Clients (Outlook, Thunderbird, Apple Mail)
• Instant Messaging (MSN Messenger, Pidgin, IRC)
• Telephony (Skype)
Utilities
Firewall
Backup
Utilities
Antivirus
Utilities
• Software that keeps the Operating System in
working order.
– Antivirus Software
– Firewalls
– Back Up
Personnel
Direct
Users
Personnel
Indirect
Users
Personnel
• The users of the computer-based system are
called personnel.
• Personnel can be divided into two groups:
– Direct users physically interact with the computer
system
– Indirect users are affected by the computer
system but do not physically use it
Procedures
Procedures
Turning on
Instructions
Loading paper
Procedures
• Procedures are the way we use the computer
system ...
– Turning the computer on.
– Using the keyboard.
– Putting paper into the printer.
Data
Program Data
Movie Files
Data
System Files
Music Files
Folder Structure
Documents
Data
• Data is raw facts that are processed by the
computer-based system.
• Processed data becomes information.