Transcript Linux - John Rouda

Linux
Chapter 9 Lecture 2
Linux
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Open source operating system
Developed by Linus Torvalds – 1991
Unix-like OS kernel (core)
Posted on web and input/advanced
development solicited
Progressed to a viable option to
commercial OS
Linux Distributions
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Red Hat
Mandrake
SuSE
Debian
Caldera
Key Features
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Multi-tasking
Multiplatform
Multiprocessor support
Development
Virtual consoles – independent login sessions
File system support – multiple file systems
Network support – multiple network protocols
System Requirements
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Red Hat (example)
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Lower than any
other OS!!
Processor: 486 CPU
RAM: 32 MB
Hard drive space: 650 MB
Why are the requirements so small?
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It is a command line OS
Does offer graphical utilities
Hardware
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Must check specifications for hardware
compatibility based on distributor
Not as comprehensive as Novell and
Microsoft – at this time…..
Monitoring and Performance Tools
 Many is
Linux
servers are command
What
command
line? line
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driven
Some Linux servers provide graphical
tools
Performance and monitoring capabilities
are excellent
TOP
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Dynamic command line utility
Displays current processes running on
the system
Like “Processes” in Windows Task Mgr
Displays current memory usage
Linux Process File System
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Virtual directory
View different aspects of Linux OS
/proc
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/proc/meminfo – RAM and swap file
/proc/net – networking info
File Systems
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EXT2 (default)
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Supports very large hard drives
FAT (DOS)
HFS (Mac)
VFAT (Win95, Win98, WinME)
CDFS (CD-ROMs)
Graphical Interfaces
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GNOME
KDE – K Desktop Environment
Linux Command Line
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Case sensitive
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All commands are case sensitive
Important – especially regarding
usernames and passwords – both are case
sensitive in Linux
Managing Disk Drives
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Fdisk – managing partitions OR use:
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Red Hat – Disk Druid
Mandrake – Disk Drake
Caldera – LIZARD
User Manager
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Using command line:
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useradd <username>
password {enter}
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<password>
Repeat password for confirmation
Graphical utilities may be used
User info stored in /etc directory in clear text
format
Use shadowing for encryption (security)
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Stored in /etc/shadow directory
Linux Security
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Relies more on applications than core
user accounts.
Makes Linux more customizeable than
most OS.
When configured correctly, very secure
Often choice OS for firewall server
Linux Authentication
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Username (case sensitive)
Password (case sensitive)
Linux File and Print Services
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Can provide the role but not best choice
NFS – makes the hard disk on Linux
system available to sharing by other
Linux workstations
Samba – provides folder and printer
sharing to Windows clients
Sharing
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Can be restricted based on ownership,
group, or everyone
Rights can be given – RWX
(read/write/execute)
Printing
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Line Printer daemon – Linux service
providing printing to authorized clients
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Default
Simple
Efficient
Enhanced – some distributions –
Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)
Linux Apps
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Some are free and open source
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StarOffice
Some are commercial
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Corel WordPerfect suite
Network Interoperability
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Mix of different servers within the same
network
Linux and Windows
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Samba provides interoperability
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Installed by default during Linux installation.
Linux Client Support
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Linux workstation is the same OS that
runs on Linux server.