Transcript Unit C: Computer Software

Computer Software
Unit C
1
Objectives
Introduce Computer Software
Explain How Computers Interpret
Software
Explore Operating Systems
Compare Operating Systems
Define Document Production
Software
Define Spreadsheet Software
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Objectives
Define Database Management
Software
Define Graphics Software
Define Business and Science
Software
Define Entertainment and
Education Software
Understand Licenses and
Copyrights
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System Software
Operating
Systems
Device
Drivers
Utilities
Programming
Languages
DOS
Windows
Mac OS
Linux
UNIX
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Application Software
Document
Production
Statistical
Video
Spreadsheet
Software
Accounting
& Finance
Entertainment
Data
Management
Educational
Music
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How Computers Interpret
Software
Computer languages
– Source code
– High-level languages: C++, Java
Machine language
Compiler
– Creates object code in single batch
Interpreter
– Converts one instruction at a time
– Common with web-based scripts (part of web
page)
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Operating Systems
Interacts with application
software, device drivers &
hardware to manage computers
resources
Multitasking
GUI (graphical user interface)
Utilities
Bootstrap program is stored in
ROM
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Operating System Categories
Single user: PCs and handhelds
Multi-user: mainframes or
centralized computer processing
Network/Server: serves as router to
local computer processing
Desktop: desktop or notebook PC;
single-user, but could handle
networking
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Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows
– Most PCs
Mac OS
UNIX
– dependable in multi-user environment
Linux
– free; good for web servers
DOS
Palm OS and Windows Mobil OS
– For handhelds
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Using the Windows Operating
System
Most programs use a graphical
user interface (GUI).
The most common operating
systems for PCs today is
Microsoft Windows.
Other GUI operating systems are
Mac OS and Linux.
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The Windows Interface
Common Windows elements
include:
Desktop—the user’s basic
workspace.
– Taskbar—includes the Start button,
toolbars, and task buttons.
– Windows—rectangular areas inside
which programs, documents, and
other content is displayed.
– Menus—used to issue commands.
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Opening Windows and
Starting Programs
Click a desktop icon if it looks like a
hyperlink.
Click the Start button and then
select the desired program from
the Start menu.
In any window that displays
documents stored on the PC,
double-click a document to open it.
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Manipulating Windows
Active window—the window in which
commands will currently be executed.
Minimizing, maximizing, and closing
windows—use buttons at top right
corner of window.
Moving windows—drag window title
bar.
Scroll bars—used to see more
information not currently shown in the
window.
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Shutting Down the Computer
Standby mode reduces power
consumption and wear-and-tear on
the PC.
To turn off the PC, it should always
be shut down through the Start menu.
Save and close all open documents
and programs.
– Select the Shut Down option at the bottom of
the Start menu.
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Using the Internet and World
Wide Web
The Internet is a collection of
networks connecting millions of
computers all over the world.
The World Wide Web is the
collection of Web pages accessed
through the Internet.
Computers that host Web pages are
called Web servers.
A collection of related Web pages is
called a Web site.
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What Is a Browser?



A Web browser is a program used to view Web
pages.
Common browsers:
 Microsoft Internet Explorer
 Netscape Navigator
 Firefox
 Opera
Wireless phones and other small devices
use microbrowsers.
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Internet Addresses
An Internet address identifies a
resource available through the Internet,
such as a person, computer, or Web
page.
IP address (e.g. 207.46.134.222) and
domain names (e.g. microsoft.com)
identify computers on the Internet.
URL (e.g. www.course.com) identify a
Web page on the Internet.
E-mail address (e.g. [email protected])
identify a person on the Internet.
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Using Bookmarks and the
History List
Visited Web pages are recorded
in the browser’s history list.
To save Web page URLs on a
more permanent basis, use
bookmarks or favorites.
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Searching the Web
A search site typically uses a search
engine with a huge database of
information.
Keyword search: keywords are typed
into a search box and then hyperlinks
for matching Web pages are
displayed.
Category search: a series of specific
categories are selected until links for
matching Web pages are displayed.
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E-Mail and Other Types of Online
Communications
Electronic mail (e-mail) refers to
electronic messages exchanged
between computers over a network
and can be sent to anyone with an
Internet e-mail address.
E-mail programs, such as Microsoft
Outlook, are used to send and
receive e-mail.
Web-based e-mail, such as Yahoo!
and Hotmail, can be accessed with
just a Web browser.
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Sending and Receiving E-Mail
E-mail can be sent and received
over private networks or the Internet.
To send an e-mail, supply the
recipient’s e-mail address, type a
subject line and the message, and
click the Send button.
Many e-mail programs also enable
users to attach files and maintain an
address book.
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Managing E-Mail
Sent and received messages are
stored in separate folders, and
deleted e-mail messages are
moved to Trash or Deleted Items
folder.
Delete unneeded e-mail messages
periodically and then empty the
Trash folder to free up space.
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Discussion Groups, Chat,
Instant Messaging, and More
Chat room—participants chat in
real time.
Instant messaging—private form
of chat between friends and
business associates.
Videoconferencing—face-to-face
meetings via the Internet.
Internet telephony—phone calls
via the Internet.
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Societal Implications of
Cyberspace
Security
Privacy
The anonymity factor
Information integrity
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Document Production Elements
Word processing (Word)
Formatting
Frames
Page Layout
Spell check
Headers/Footers
Word wrap
Clipart
Margins
Tables
Styles
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Spreadsheet Software
Use for numerical calculations and
graphs
Rows and columns
Worksheet, cell, cell references
Cells can contain
90
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Values
Labels
Functions
Formulas
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
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Data Management Software
Use to store, find, organize, update
and report information
Database: collection of related files
Records and fields
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Data Management Software
Using database software you can:
– Import and export data
– Query records in a particular field
• SQL (Structured Query Language)
• Natural query language
– Print reports
Always use information appropriately
– Data integrity
– Privacy
– Copyright
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Graphics Software
Use to create, display, modify,
manipulate and print graphics
Paint software: realistic art and
photos
Photo Editing software: simplifies
common editing tasks
Drawing software: uses vector figures
& shapes to create “cartoon-like”
images.
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Graphics Software
3-D Graphics software:
create wireframes and then
cover with a texture
CAD (computer-aided
design): 3-D software
designed for architects and
engineers
Presentation software:
creates electronic slides like
these
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Business Software
Accounting & Finance
– Personal finance
– Small business accounting
Vertical Market
– Hospitals, schools
Horizontal Market
– Generic like payroll
– Project management
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Science Software
Statistical, graphing software
Mathematical modeling software
– Math CAD
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Software Suites
A collection of application
software sold in a package
– Microsoft Office
Available for productivity,
Cost and usability
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Entertainment Software
Audio editing (sound recorder)
Music
•Ear
MP3 player
Games
training
•Notation
•Computer-aided music
•MIDI sequencing
Video editing (Adobe Premiere)
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Educational Software
Learn and practice new skills
– Arithmetic
– Reading
– Languages
– Typing
Reference software (CD-ROMs)
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License vs. Copyright
Software License: a legal contract
that defines the ways in which you
may use a computer program.
Copyright: a form of legal protection
that grants the author of an original
work an exclusive right to copy,
distribute, sell and modify that work.
Software piracy
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Types of Copyright Protections
Commercial: License adheres to
limitations of copyright law
Shareware: try before you buy on
the honor system
Freeware: no fee - can use, but not
alter or sell
Open Source: uncompiled source
code that can be changed - sold or
free
Public Domain: can be copied,
altered and resold
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Tech Talk: Installing Software
System requirements
– Operating system and minimum hardware
capacities
Steps (setup.exe)
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Copy files to hard drive
Uncompress if necessary
Verify system requirements met
Select appropriate device drivers
Necessary system files
Update registry and program menu
Uninstall: Windows Add/Remove
programs
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Computer Software
End
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