Transcript Lecture02(Desktop).

UNIX 系統安裝
(Desktop vs Server)
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0110whatislinux.php
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如何學 Unix？
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0110whatislinux.php
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計算機概論與硬體知識
網路基礎知識
安裝與指令
作業系統的基礎技能
vi文書編輯器
Shell與Shell Script
軟體管理 (安裝 & 維護)
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進度
• 計算機概論與硬體知識
• 網路基礎知識
• 安裝與指令
• 作業系統的基礎技能
• vi文書編輯器
• Shell與Shell Script
• 軟體管理 (安裝 & 維護)
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課程目標 (提醒…)
• Unix as Desktop
• Unix as Server
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Download required files
• VirtualBox
– ftp://120.107.152.4/inet/03-VirtualizationVirtualBox-5.1.14-112924-Win.exe
• Ubuntu Desktop
– ftp://120.107.152.4/inet/03-Virtualizationubuntu-16.10-desktop-amd64.iso
• Ubuntu Server
– ftp://120.107.152.4/inet/03-Virtualizationubuntu-16.04.2-server-amd64.iso
Ubuntu 版本之選擇…
Server or Desktop?
From:
http://www.serverwatch.com/tutorials/article.php/3715071
(OLD but still got some info …)
問題
• Desktop 與 Server 安裝後的差別？
• 安裝 Desktop 版本作為 Server 用可
以嗎？
• 反之呢？
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Desktop 與 Server 安裝後的差別？
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Desktop 與 Server 安裝後的差別？
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Server or Desktop?
只有介面的差異？
• http://www.serverwatch.com/tutorials/article.php/
3715071 (OLD but still got some info …)
(過程省略, refer to the original post for
details)
• Two kernels with Ubuntu-server & desktop
are compared
– /boot/config-2.6.22-14-server
– /boot/config-2.6.22-14-generic
Conclusions
• Differences in
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I/O Scheduler
Preemption
Memory
Ticks and HZ
I/O Scheduler
• CFQ
– tries to balance all read/write requests equally.
• Deadline
– gives a higher priority to read requests, and will
re-order read/write requests aggressively to
meet the goal of completing read requests
within a specified time, without "starving"
write requests, which are not given deadlines.
Which for which?
• Ubuntu makes CFQ the default for desktop
kernels
• Deadline for server kernels.
• The goal is to optimize hard disk bandwidth
for different classes of workloads.
Preemption
• Preemption works along with scheduling to
fine-tune …
– Performance
– Efficiency
– Responsiveness.
Non-preemptive
• Non-preemptive multitasking is a style
of computer multitasking in which the
operating system never initiates a context
switch from a running process to another
process.
Preemptive
• Preemptive multitasking involves the use of
an interrupt mechanism which suspends the
currently executing process and invokes a
scheduler to determine which process
should execute next.
Desktop : Preemption ON
• For desktop systems users typically have several
things going at once: writing documents, playing
music, Web surfing, downloading and so on.
• Users don't care how responsive background
applications are; they care only about the ones
they're actively using.
– So if loading a Web page takes a little longer while the
user is writing an e-mail, it's an acceptable trade-off.
– Overall efficiency and performance are actually
reduced but not in a way that annoys the user.
Server : Preemption OFF
• On servers you want to minimize any and
all performance hits, so turning off
preemption is usually the best practice.
Memory
• The 32-bit server kernel supports up to 64
GB of memory;
• The desktop kernel, a mere 4 GB
Memory
• On a 64-bit system you won't see any
memory options because it doesn't need
hacks to overcome a lack of memory
addressing space
Ticks and HZ
• Server : 100 Hz
– The server kernel looks up and peers around
100 times per second for something to do.
• Desktop : 250 Hz
– The desktop kernel looks up and peers around
250 times per second for something to do
Ticks and HZ
• Lower ticks/Hz numbers equal lower
overhead and higher latency
• Higher numbers equal higher overhead and
lower latency.
– generally mean the system feels more
responsive, at the price of higher CPU usage.
– Some processes require more interrupts; for
example, video processing and VoIP servers
need 1000 Hz.
問題 (again)
• Desktop 與 Server 安裝後的差別？
• 安裝 Desktop 版本作為 Server 用可
以嗎？
• 反之呢？
• 您的答案？
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i386 or AMD64？
Ubuntu Desktop Installation
• VirtualBox 設定
• 安裝
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VirtualBox 設定 (Desktop)
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VirtualBox 設定 (Desktop)
Q&A
1. 12 MB 的視訊記憶體可以支援怎樣的解析度？
2. 您的 PC 的視訊記憶體有多大？
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VirtualBox 設定 (Desktop)
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VirtualBox 設定 (Desktop)
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VirtualBox 設定 (Server)
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Types of Network (VirtualBox)
NAT
http://download.ithome.com.tw/article/index/id/996
橋接 (Bridged)
http://download.ithome.com.tw/article/index/id/996
開始安裝 Desktop …
(Your Turn)