Transcript Operating System

Operating System
Architecture of Computer System
Hardware
Operating System (OS)
Programming Language (e.g. PASCAL)
Application Programs (e.g. WORD, EXCEL)
Detail Layered View of Computer
System Software, Application
Software and Driver Programs
• System Software- Performs essential operation tasks
– Operating system
– Utility programs
• Application Software - Performs specific tasks for users
– Business application
– Communications application
– Multimedia application
– Entertainment and educational software
• Driver Programs (Device Driver)
– small program that allows a specific input or output
device to communicate with the rest of the computer
system
3 type of programs
• user / application programs
– programs used by the users to perform a task
• system programs
– an interface between user and computer
• driver programs
– communicate I/O devices with computer
Hierarchy of computer software
Program Hierarchy
User 1
electronic
spreadsheet
User 2
computer
User 3
.............
text editor
game
Operating System
Computer
Hardware
User n
database system
Operating System
• a collection of programs which control the
resources of a computer system
• written in low-level languages (i.e.
machine-dependent)
• an interface between the users and the
hardware
• when the computer is on, OS will first load
into the main memory
Basic functions of the operating
system
Device configuration
Controls peripheral devices connected to the computer
File management
Operating
System
Transfers files between main memory and secondary
storage, manages file folders, allocates the secondary
storage space, and provides file protection and
recovery
Memory management
Allocates the use of random access memory (RAM) to
requesting processes
Interface platform
Allows the computer to run other applications
Other function of Operating
System
• best use of the computer resources
• provide a background for user’s programs to
execute
• display and deal with errors when it
happens
• control the selection and operation of the
peripherals
• act as a communication link between users
• system protection
Common Operating Systems and
Their Differences
• Network Operating System
– UNIX / Linux / MS Windows2000 Server
• Desktop Operating System
– MS Windows 9X/Me / Mac OS / DOS
• Mobile Operating System
– Palm OS and Pocket PC
Examples
• Common operating systems
– WINDOW
• used in IBM compatible microcomputers
– UNIX
• multi-user, multi-tasking OS used in minicomputers
and microcomputers
– VAX/VMS
• used in DEC’s VAX series of minicomputers
DOS interface
GUI
Different Types of Operating System
Cross-Platform Issues
• Cross-Platform
– developing software for, or running software, on more
than one type of operating platform.
• Machine-independent Programming Languages
– JVM
• Makeup Languages
– HTML
– XML
• Advantages
– cost-effective
– saves time
– develop the program on different computers
Disk Operating System (DOS)
• a part of operating system to control disk
operation
• 2 parts
– small system data
• keep track of key information of the disk
– data area
• where data file is stored
SMALL SYSTEM AREA in DOS
• 3 parts
– boot/boot record
• i.e. a short program for loading DOS into
computer’s memory
– file allocation table (FAT)
• i.e. record the status of each part of the disk and
keep track of all data
– root directory
• i.e. record the filename, size of the file , date and
time
Good Operating System
• efficient
– time spent to execute its programs should be
short
• small in size
– memory occupied should be as small as
possible
• reliable
Type of Operating System
• Batch processing
• Real time processing
• Time sharing processing
Batch processing
• Jobs, together with input data, are fed into
the system in a batch.
• The jobs are then run one after another.
• No job can be started until previous job is
completed
Real time processing
• immediate response is needed.
• For example
– anti-missile defense system
– airplane landing control system
– interrupt error in computer system
Time sharing processing
• Each user is given a time slice to interact
with the CPU.
• The size of the time slice will depend on the
system.
• Each user is served in sequence.
Special Features of OS
•
•
•
•
•
multi-tasking
multi-programming
parallel processing
buffering
spooling
Multi-tasking
• to handle 2 or more programs at the same
time from a single user ‘s perception
– CPU can only perform one task at a time,
however, it runs so fast that 2 or more jobs
seem to execute at the same time
Multi-programming
• 2 or more programs store in the main
memory at the same time
• when one job reeds to wait (e.g. I/O
operation), CPU switch to another job to
execute
• when the first job finishes waiting, CPU
will get back the first job to execute
Parallel Processing
• use 2 or more CPUs to handle jobs
without multiprocessing
• computer networking
with multiprocessing
Job 4
Job 3
Job 4
time
Job 3
Job 1
CPU 1
Job 2
CPU 2
time
Job 2
Job 1
CPU 1
Buffering
• a temporary storage area (buffers) to read
data from input device or send data to the
output device
• keep CPU busy
– because I/O operation is slow
Spooling
• a larger buffer from hard disk
• buffer store the data through I/O operation
– because I/O operation is slow and CPU
operation is fast