Transcript Week #1 Q.4 (3/25)

Week #1 Q.4 (3/25)
I.S. Learning Goal:
I can analyze the factors used to
explain the origin and evolution of the
universe.
Activities/Assignments:
• How Big, How old, How
Far Activity
• Video Review
Warm Up: What is the
name of our galaxy?
The Milky Way
Homework:
None
Fact: Traveling at the
speed of light it would
still take you over 4
years to reach the
Sun’s nearest
neighbor star.
Place the following objects in order from
smallest to largest
Sun
Pleiades
Saturn
Galaxy
Moon
Hubble Galaxies
http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/seuforum/download/CosmicSurvey2003.pdf
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Hubble Telescope
The correct order for the 7
images, from smallest to largest
is:
Telescope Moon -
40 feet long
~12 meters
2 thousand miles diameter ~3,200 km
Saturn -75 thousand miles diameter ~121,000 km
Sun - 875 thousand miles diameter ~1,408,000 km
Pleiades- 60 trillion miles across the cluster ~1x1014km
Galaxy-600 thousand trillion miles across
~1x1018km
Hubble galaxies-600 thousand trillion miles across
~1 x 1021km
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Place the following objects in order from
closest to farthest
Sun
Saturn
Pleiades
Galaxy
Moon
Hubble Galaxies
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Hubble Telescope
The correct order for the 7
images, from closest to farthest:
Telescope - 350miles above Earth ~560km
Moon -
250 thousand miles ~402,000km
Sun - 93 million miles ~1.5x108km
Saturn -790million miles~1.3x109 km
Pleiades- 2400trillion miles ~2.4x1015km
Galaxy-200 million trillion miles ~2x 1020km
Hubble galaxies-30 billion trillion miles across~3x1022km
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Place the following objects in order from
youngest to oldest
Sun
Saturn
Pleiades
Galaxy
Moon
Hubble Galaxies
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Hubble Telescope
The correct order for the 7
images, from youngest to oldest
Telescope
- a few years (1990)
Pleiades
~80 million years
Moon
~4.5 billion years
Saturn
~4.5 billion years
Sun
~4.5 billion years
Galaxy
~10 billion years
Hubble galaxies
~10 billion years
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Week #1 Q.4 (3/26-3/27)
I.S. Learning Goal:
I can analyze the factors used to
explain the origin and evolution of the
universe.
Activities/Assignments:
• Complete How Big, How old,
How Far Activity
• Video Review + handout
• Notes
• Acrostic Poem
Warm Up: When you look at
distances in space and age
what are your thoughts?
Explain.
Homework:
New
Notebook
Monday
Fact: There are three
golf balls on the Moon
(left by Apollo 14
astronaut Alan
Shepard in 1971.)
EXPLORING SPACE
The Universe: The Vast
Reaches of Space- video plus handout
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Life Cycle of Stars
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http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/teachers/lessons/xray_spectra/background-lifecycles.html
- video clip *brainpop
http://www.brainpop.com/science/space/lifecycleofstars/
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Week #1 Q.4 (3/28)
I.S. Learning Goal:
I can analyze the factors used to
explain the origin and evolution of the
universe.
Activities/Assignments:
• Complete notes –
Complete back of video
handout questions
• Acrostic Poem
Warm Up + reflection
What are main sequence stars?
Explain.
Homework:
New
Notebook
Monday
Fact: If you would
place a pinhead sized
piece of the Sun on
the Earth you would
die from standing
within 145 km (90
miles) from it.
Protostar-a young star which is in the early stages of
formation, before it reaches the main sequence stage
A star-forming region, 1,000
light-years away in Aquila.
About 100 protostars have
been found in this stellar
nursery, together with 600
other objects that will
eventually pass through the
protostar stage.
The protostellar phase
is an early stage in the
process of star
formation. Lasts about
100,000 years
(depending on size of
star)
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Protostar
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkrJq2j9yGM
Stars
http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/how-the-universe-works-big-stars.htm
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Clusters of young stars- large clouds of molecular gas
where stars are born, they form in groups or clusters
Pleiades
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A relatively young star cluster,
also known as the Seven
Sisters and Messier 45. The
cluster contains hundreds of
stars, of which only a handful
are commonly visible to the
unaided eye. The stars in the
Pleiades are thought to have
formed together around 100
million years ago, making
them 1/50th the age of our
sun, and they lie about 130
parsecs (425 light years)
away.
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General Information about the sun
by far the largest object in the solar system.
more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System (Jupiter
contains most of the rest).
at present, about 70% hydrogen and 28% helium by mass everything
else ("metals") amounts to less than 2%. This changes slowly over
time as the Sun converts hydrogen to helium in its core.
The Sun appears to have been active for 4.6 billion years and has
enough fuel to go on for another five billion years or so. At the end of
its life, the Sun will start to fuse helium into heavier elements and
begin to swell up, ultimately growing so large that it will swallow the
Earth. After a billion years as a red giant, it will suddenly collapse
into a white dwarf -- the final end product of a star like ours. It may
take a trillion years to cool off completely
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Temperature of Sun ☼ surface = 5778 Kcore of sun = 15.7×10K
•
Red Giant (example: Betelgeuse)
A red giant is a relatively
old star whose diameter
is about 100 times bigger
than it was originally,
and had become cooler
(the surface temperature
is under 6,500 K). They
are usually orange in
color. Betelgeuse is a red
giant. It is about 20 times
as massive as the Sun
about 14,000 times
brighter than the Sun,
and about 600 light-years
from Earth.
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Supernova
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One of the most energetic
explosive events known is a
supernova. These occur at the
end of a star's lifetime, when
its nuclear fuel is exhausted
and it is no longer supported
by the release of nuclear
energy. If the star is
particularly massive, then its
core will collapse and in so
doing will release a huge
amount of energy. This will
cause a blast wave that ejects
the star's envelope into
interstellar space. The result of
the collapse may be, in some
cases, a rapidly rotating
neutron star that can be
observed many years later as
a radio pulsar.
Supernova
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+the+universe+works+supernovas&FORM=AWVR#view=deta
il&mid=ED1CA3C62F58B8219437ED1CA3C62F58B8219437
How long does a supernova last?
The explosion itself is over within a matter of
seconds.
But the envelope of the dying star is expelled
with such speed that, when it ploughs into
the interstellar gas, it is heated to millions of
degrees and remain bright in 18
X-rays for tens
of thousands of years.
Planetary Nebula
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+the+universe+works+Planetary+Nebula&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=how+the+universe+works+pla
netary+nebula&sc=0-33&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&mid=48CB29E3B8B86EEC8E8748CB29E3B8B86EEC8E87
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Forms when a star can
no longer support itself by fusion reactions in its
center. The gravity from the material in the outer
part of the star takes its inevitable toll on the
structure of the star, and forces the inner parts to
condense and heat up. The high temperature
central regions drive the outer half of the star
away in a brisk stellar wind, lasting a few
thousand years. When the process is complete,
the remaining core remnant is
uncovered and heats the now
distant gases and causes them to
glow.
http://www.noao.edu/jacoby/abell_35.html
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The Ring Nebula (M57) in Lyra. Hubble Telescope image
White Dwarf
•
A white dwarf is a small, very dense, hot star that is
made mostly of carbon. These faint stars are what
remains after a red giant star loses its outer layers.
Their nuclear cores are depleted. They are about the
size of the Earth (but tremendously heavier)! They
will eventually lose their heat and become a cold,
dark black dwarf. Our sun will someday turn into a
white dwarf and then a black dwarf.
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•
•
•
A hypothetical end
point of evolution for a
degenerate star, either a white
dwarf or a neutron star, after it
has cooled down to the extent
that it can no longer shine, even
dimly.
A black dwarf is composed of
cold, degenerate matter –
degenerate electron matter (in
the case of a white dwarf) or
degenerate baryon matter (in the
case of a neutron star).
It's thought that about a trillion
years are needed for a star to
cool to the point at which it
becomes a black dwarf.
Black Dwarf
Concept art of a black dwarf against a
background field of stars. Art © David Darling
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Black Hole
•
Formed when a massive star collapses from its
own gravity, black holes have such a strong
pull of gravity that not even light can escape
from them.
•
Today's scientists believe that a black hole is
the end product in the lifecycle of a giant star.
If this star is three or four times as massive as
our own sun, even after it has exhausted all
its fuel, then it can collapse under its own
gravity.
Black Hole: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfG2-FFL6fY
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Neutron Star
Are compact objects that are created in the cores of massive
stars during supernova explosions. The core of the star
collapses, and crushes together every proton with a
corresponding electron turning each electron-proton pair into
a neutron. The neutrons, however, can often stop the collapse
and remain as a neutron star.
Neutron stars are fascinating objects because they are the
most dense objects known. They are only about 10 miles in
diameter, yet they are more massive than the Sun. One
sugar cube of neutron star material weighs about 100 million
tons, which is about as much as a mountain.
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Use the words
Acrostic Poem or Name Poem
L
I
F
E
O
F
S
T
A
R
S
Create a word or sentence explaining the
words life of stars.
*Must summarize the notes
*Include a picture with color
*Include 3-5 sentences explaining the
Acrostic Poem
Spelling out "fear"...
Frightening
Eerie and strange
Anxiety rises
Ready to flee
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