Transcript File - gcuf mba batch 2011

Computer Orientation &
Packages
Prepared By: AHSAN RIAZ
Lecturer
Business Administration Dept GC University FSD.
Email: [email protected]
McGraw-Hill Technology Education
Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Information Processing Cycle
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1B-2
Steps followed to process data
Input
Processing
Output
Storage
Hardware
• Is a physical aspect of computers.
• Hardware includes computer parts as well as
cables, connectors, power supply units &
peripheral devices such as keyboard, mouse,
memory units and output devices.
• Term computer hardware includes
equipments which can perform many
functions e.g. data processing, Input to the
computer, Storage, Output from the
computer.
Essential Computer Hardware
• Computers use the same basic
hardware
• Hardware categorized into four types
– Processing Devices
– Memory Devices
– Input & Output Devices
– Storage Devices
1B-4
Essential Computer Hardware
• Processing devices
– Brains of the computer
– Carries out instructions from the program
– Manipulate the data
– Most computers have several processors
– Central Processing Unit (CPU)
– Secondary processors
– Processors made of silicon and copper
1B-5
Essential Computer Hardware
• Memory devices
– Stores data or programs
– Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Volatile
• Stores current data and programs
• More RAM results in a faster system
– Read Only Memory (ROM)
• Permanent storage of programs
• Holds the computer boot directions
1B-6
Essential Computer Hardware
• Input and output devices
– Allows the user to interact
– Input devices accept data
• Keyboard, mouse
– Output devices deliver data
• Monitor, printer, speaker
– Some devices are input and output
• Touch screens
1B-7
Essential Computer Hardware
• Storage devices
– Hold data and programs permanently
– Different from RAM
– Magnetic storage
• Floppy and hard drive
• Uses a magnet to access data
– Optical storage
• CD and DVD drives
• Uses a laser to access data
1B-8
Software
• Software runs the machine.
• It refers to the programs and instructions
which tells the computer what to do next.
• The instructions that are written for working of
computer are called Computer Software or
Computer Programs.
• These software or programs are prepared
through the help of programming languages.
• Two types
– System software
– Application software
System Software
• Computer hardware system needs specially
designed software to make it work. This is
called System Software.
• Most important System Software
– Operating System
– Device Drivers
– Utility Programs
1B-10
Operating Systems
• Are programs that control functions of the
computer hardware & provide services to
other software programs to run on the
computer.
• Without OS computer can’t perform any
function.
• The prime objective is to improve the
performance & efficiency of the computer.
• When computer is turned on, the BIOS load
the OS from storage device into RAM.
• E.g. DOS, LINUX, Macintosh & Windows.
Operating System
• OS performs these services for applications &
user:
– It provides interface, bridge b/w user & computer.
– It provides CPU management (Process Mgt).
– It provides memory management
– It provides file management
– It also provides networking facility optionally.
– It provides all Input / Output devices management
– Today OS also provides Multiprocessing &
multitasking features.
– It provide security for user data & applications.
Operating System
• Single User OS
– Mostly used in personal computers.
– Only one person can work on this system at a
time.
– Most commonly used single user OS are DOS,
Windows 98, Apple Macintosh etc.
• Multi-User OS
– Support & facilities to run & manage more than
one computer.
– Many people can work on this type of computer
network environment at a time.
– E.g. Windows NT, Windows 2000 / XP, Linux etc.
Device Drivers
• Computer system contains large number of devices
for its working.
• To operate & control these devices some special
instructions are needed called Device drivers.
• When a computer is powered on, these instructions
are loaded in memory along with OS. These
instructions enable the devices to communicate with
system and user.
• Most of OS like Windows & Linux already include
device drivers of various brands.
• Whenever a new device is attached the OS demands
its driver software and search it from its driver
databases.
Utility Programs
• Utility program are used to boast up the performance
of computer system.
• These are not essential for working of any computer
hardware or software.
• These play very important role to increase the
performance of hardware and software.
• Examples of Utility Programs are:Antivirus: Software
protects computer programs & data from the loss due
to computer virus. Virus is a computer program that
causes damage by erasing stored data and infecting
program files & computer starts functioning. E.g.
Norton, McAfee Antivirus Scan.
– Data compression programs, Disk Tool kit to
recover data.
Application Software
• Application software help the computer user to
facilitate in performing user specific tasks.
• Application packages are designed for general
purpose program.
• People use these program according to their
needs.
• Application programs use the services of the
computer’s OS and other supporting programs.
– Most common type of software
1B-16
• MS Word, MS Excel, Animation & Multimedia Software,
Communication Software, Presentation Software,
Drawing & Graphic Software etc.
Computer data
• Fact with no meaning on its own
• Stored using the binary number system
• Data can be organized into files
1B-17
Difference b/w System & Application
Software
System Software
Application Software
1
System software gets installed when
the operating system is installed on
the computer.
application software is installed
according to the requirements of the
user.
2
System software includes programs
such as compilers, debuggers,
drivers, assemblers
application software includes media
players, word processors, and
spreadsheet programs
3
Generally, users do not interact with
system software as it works in the
background
users interact with application software
while doing different activities.
4
A computer may not require more
than one type of system software
there may be a number of application
software programs installed on the
computer at the same time.
5
System software can run
independently of the application
software
application software cannot run without
the presence of the system software.
Difference b/w Hardware & Software
Hardware
Software
1
Tangible (Physical)
Intangible (Logical)
2
Contains diff. Parts & Accessories
Contains Programs and Instructions
3
It can be damaged
It can be corrupted
4
Damage parts are repaired
It can be debugged to remove errors
5
It is useless without software
It is useless without hardware
6
It can be replaced
It can be duplicated
7
It is cheaper than software
It is expensive than hardware
8
No up-gradation is available
It can be up-graded for new functions
9
It becomes useless with the passage
of time
It becomes useless at once as new
version arrives.
Computer users
• Role depends on ability
– Setup the system
– Install software
– Mange files
– Maintain the system
• “Userless” computers
– Run with no user input
– Automated systems
1B-20
Week 3 End
McGraw-Hill Technology Education
Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.