Transcript 1-1 Notes.ppsx

1-1 NOTES
OBSERVING SPACE
PATTERNS IN THE UNIVERSE
• Long before modern astronomy, people have
observed the sky.
• Many cultures noticed the same patterns and
created different stories about imaginary beings in
the sky.
MOON RABBIT
• In East Asian and Aztec
folklore, a rabbit lives on
the moon.
• These cultures noticed a
pattern that looked like a
rabbit on the Moon, which
is where the legend came
from.
KHONSU
• In ancient Egypt, the
Moon was seen as a
god named Khonsu.
PATTERNS IN THE UNIVERSE
• Within the last few hundred years, our
knowledge of space has greatly increased.
ARRANGEMENT OF THE UNIVERSE
• The number of objects in the universe and the
distances between them are greater than most
people can imagine.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxXf7AJZ
73A
ARRANGEMENT OF THE UNIVERSE
• Let’s take a look at our “address” within the
universe.
ARRANGEMENT OF THE UNIVERSE
• 1. Earth
• 13,000 km (8,000
mi) in diameter.
• Has a small moon
orbiting it.
ARRANGEMENT OF THE UNIVERSE
• 2. Solar System
• Earth and other
planets orbit the Sun.
• Our Sun is one of
billions in the Milky
Way Galaxy.
ARRANGEMENT OF THE UNIVERSE
• 3. The Milky Way
• Our solar system is
part of the Milky Way
Galaxy
• Galaxy: a group of
millions or billions of
stars held together by
gravity.
ARRANGEMENT OF THE UNIVERSE
• Imagine…
• If our solar system were the size of a penny,
the Milky Way would stretch from Chicago
to Dallas!
ARRANGEMENT OF THE UNIVERSE
• 4. The Universe
• Everything-space and
all the matter in it.
• The Milky Way is just
one of billions of
galaxies in the universe.
CONSTELLATIONS
• If you want to find a particular place in the
U.S., it helps to know what state it is in.
CONSTELLATIONS
• Scientists use a similar system for locating
objects in the sky.
• The sky has been divided into 88 areas named
for the constellations.
CONSTELLATIONS
• Constellation- a group of stars that form a
pattern in the sky.
CONSTELLATIONS
• The major constellations visible in the
Northern Hemisphere are…
CONSTELLATIONS
• 1. Orion
• Named after Orion, a
hunter in Greek
mythology.
• Visible in AZ
(Northern
Hemisphere) in
Winter
CONSTELLATIONS
• 2. Ursa Major (Great Bear)
• Best known for containing the
Big Dipper
CONSTELLATIONS
• 3. Cygnus
• Name comes from
the Latin for
“swan.”
• Visible in AZ
(Northern
Hemisphere) in
Summer
CONSTELLATIONS
• 4. Scorpius
• Zodiac constellation
• Its name is Latin for
“scorpion.”
• Visible in AZ (Northern
Hemisphere) in Summer
CONSTELLATIONS
• 5. Cassiopeia
• Named after Queen
Cassiopeia in Greek
mythology.
• Has a distinctive “M”
shape.
• Visible in AZ (Northern
Hemisphere) all year.
CONSTELLATIONS
• Areas of the night sky
are named after their
constellation.
• An object is said to be
“in” that constellation
even if it is not one of
the stars that make
the shape.
CONSTELLATIONS
• Stars in a constellation
may not be physically
close to one anotherthey only look that
way from our
perspective on Earth.
EARTH ROTATES
• You cannot see all the constellations at once
because Earth blocks half of space from your
view at all times.
EARTH ROTATES
• Each night, the stars
seem to move across the
sky.
• This is because of Earth’s
rotation.
• http://www.space.com/24324breathtaking-night-sky-timelapse-video.html
EARTH ROTATES
• Above the North Pole is a star
called Polaris (North Star).
• Polaris seems to stay in the
same spot as all the stars
around it rotate, because it is
directly “above” Earth as it
spins.
THE MOVEMENT OF PLANETS AND OTHER OBJECTS
• Stars are always moving, but they are so far
away that you cannot see their movements.
• It takes thousands and thousands of years for
stars to move enough to change the shape of a
constellation.
THE MOVEMENTS OF PLANETS AND OTHER OBJECTS
• Constellations allow us to observe the
movement of objects that are much closer to
Earth, like the Moon and other planets of our
solar system.
THE MOVEMENT OF PLANETS AND OTHER OBJECTS
• The term planet comes from
the Greek word that means
“wanderer.”
• Greek astronomers named
them because of how much
they move compared to
other objects in the sky.
THE MOVEMENT OF PLANETS AND OTHER OBJECTS
• Because the stars, planets, and Sun APPEAR to
move around Earth, early astronomers
assumed Earth was at the center of the
universe.
• The only reason this pattern appears is
because Earth is spinning!
REVIEW
1.Astronomers use constellations to
A.Locate objects in the sky
B.Calculate the distances of objects
C.Calculate the masses of objects
D.Classify spectra
REVIEW
2. Stars rise and set in the night sky because
A.Earth orbits the Sun
B.Earth rotates
C.The North Pole points toward Polaris
D.The stars are moving in space