Transcript Week #2 Q.4 (3/31)

Week #2 Q.4 (3/31)
I.S. Learning Goal:
I can analyze the factors used to
explain the origin and evolution of the
universe.
Homework:
None
Activities/Assignments:
• Notebook Organization Fact:The Moon is
moving away
• Acrostic Poem
from the Earth
3.8cm every year.
Warm Up: Briefly describe
life cycle of a star.
Life cycle of star
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2
Table of Contents for Quarter 4 IS
Page
Assignment
Number
1
Table of Contents
2
3
4
5
6
7
Review of Space: How Big? How Far? How
Old?
Exploring Space Video handout
Notes Life Cycle of Stars and Acrostic Poem
Doppler Effect Notes
Electromagnetic Spectrum ½ sheet
Wavestown Handout
3
Use the words
Acrostic Poem or Name Poem
L
I
F
E
O
F
S
T
A
R
S
Create a word or sentence explaining the
words life of stars.
*Must summarize the notes
*Include a picture with color
*Include 3-5 sentences explaining the
Acrostic Poem
Spelling out "fear"...
Frightening
Eerie and strange
Anxiety rises
Ready to flee
4
Week #2 Q.4 (4/1)
I.S. Learning Goal:
I can analyze the factors used to
explain the origin and evolution of the
universe.
Activities/Assignments:
• Notebook Organization
• Notes on Doppler
Effect
• Wavestown Activity
Warm Up: A black dwarf is a
hypothetical end point of evolution for
a degenerate star, either a white
dwarf or a neutron star. What are
your thoughts on this hypothesis?
Homework:
None
Fact:Astronauts
cannot burp in
space because
there is no
gravity in space
to separate liquid
from gas in their
stomachs
.
6
When we look at the Universe in a different "light", i.e. at "nonvisible" wavelengths, we probe different kinds of physical
conditions -- and we can see new kinds of objects! For example,
high-energy gamma-ray and X-ray telescopes tend to see the most
energetic dynamos in the cosmos, such as active galaxies, the
remnants from massive dying stars, accretion of matter around
black holes, and so forth. Visible light telescopes best probe light
produced by stars. Longer-wavelength telescopes best probe dark,
cool, obscured structures in the Universe: dusty star-forming
regions, dark cold molecular clouds, the primordial radiation
emitted by the formation of the Universe shortly after the Big
Bang. Only through studying astronomical objects at many
different wavelengths are astronomers able to piece together a
coherent, comprehensive picture of how the Universe works!
7
Doppler effect was originally studied in the visible part of the
electromagnetic spectrum. Today, the Doppler shift, as it is also
known, applies to electromagnetic waves in all portions of the
spectrum. Also, because of the inverse relationship between
frequency and wavelength, we can describe the Doppler shift in
terms of wavelength. Radiation is red shifted when its wavelength
increases, and is blue shifted when its wavelength decreases.
Astronomers use Doppler shifts to calculate precisely how fast
stars and other astronomical objects move toward or away from
Earth. For example the spectral lines emitted by hydrogen gas in
distant galaxies is often observed to be considerably red shifted.
The spectral line emission, normally found at a wavelength of 21
centimeters on Earth, might be observed at 21.1 centimeters
instead. This 0.1 centimeter red shift would indicate that the gas is
moving away from Earth at over 1,400 kilometers per second
(over 880 miles per second).
8
Page 5
The Doppler effect
Originally discovered by the Austrian mathematician
and physicist, Christian Doppler (1803-53), this
change in pitch results from a shift in the frequency
of the sound waves.
Page 5
The study of light
Doppler effect- The apparent change in
wavelength of radiation caused by the relative
motions of the source and observer
Used to determine
•Direction of motion
•Increasing distance – wavelength is longer
("stretches")
•Decreasing distance – makes wavelength shorter
("compresses")
•Velocity – larger Doppler shifts indicate higher
velocities
Page 5
The Doppler effect
The electromagnetic radiation emitted by a moving
object also exhibits the Doppler effect.
Blueshift: This spectrum shows hydrogen shifted to the blue end of
the spectrum. This star is moving toward Earth.
Redshift: This spectrum shows hydrogen shifted to the red end of
the spectrum. This star is moving away from Earth.
http://www.physorg.com/news200044818.html
The Doppler effect
The radiation emitted by an object
moving toward an observer is
squeezed; its frequency appears to
increase and is therefore said to be
blueshifted. In contrast, the radiation
emitted by an object moving away is
stretched or redshifted. Blueshifts
and redshifts exhibited by stars,
galaxies and gas clouds also
indicate their motions with respect to
the observer.
http://www.molebash.com/doppler/home.htm
Week #2 Q.4 (4/2&3)
I.S. Learning Goal:
I can analyze the factors used to
explain the origin and evolution of the
universe.
Activities/Assignments:
• Notes on Doppler
Effect
• Wavestown Activity
• Astronomy video
Warm Up: What is the
difference between red and
blue shift in the Doppler
effect.
Homework:
None
Fact: Saturn's rings
are arguably the
flattest structure
known to man, being
some 300,000 km endto-end but with a
vertical thickness of
about 10 meters.
Table of Contents for Quarter 4 IS
Page
Assignment
Number
1
Table of Contents
2
3
4
5
6
7
Review of Space: How Big? How Far? How
Old?
Exploring Space Video handout
Notes Life Cycle of Stars and Acrostic Poem
Doppler Effect Notes
Electromagnetic Spectrum ½ sheet
Wavestown Handout
14
Page 6
Electromagnetic Spectrum Handout
http://www.physorg.com/news200044818.html
Wavelengths
Wavelengths can tell us A LOT about
ENERGY (traveling through the universe from a star)
Doppler Effects:
– How powerful light is
http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/d
oppler/doppler.html
– How fast it is moving
Sonic Boom
– Where it is moving from & to
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWGL
AAYdbbc
– What kind of light it is
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• WAVELENGTH: Distance from the top of one wave to the top of the
next wave
o Each form of radiation has a different wavelength
o What does a radiation’s wavelength tell us?
o How powerful (how much energy) the radiation is
o What kind of radiation it is
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
 Visible light:
 Red light = looooooooooooooongest,
 Violet light = shortest
 On the entire EM Spectrum,
 Radio waves: longest wavelength
 ~500 m (5  102 m)
 Visible light: middle
 ~.0000005 m
(5  10-7 m)
 Gamma rays: shortest
wavelength
 ~.000000000005 m
(5  10-12 m)
Brainpop: Color and EM Spectrum
Pg. 7: Secrets Held in Starlight
Wavestown Worksheet
• What form of radiation is labeled on line #3?
• Is Infrared radiation more or less powerful than visible
light?
• How do you know this?
• What’s so special about visible light?
• Let’s discuss 1 example from the picture of
Wavestown of the different types of radiation…
• On the back, what is the relationship
between wavelength & the energy of a
form of radiation?
Brainpop Video + Handout
Into the universe with Stephen Hawking Story of Everything
http://vimeo.com/17777145
Week #2 Q.4 (4/4)
I.S. Learning Goal:
I can analyze the factors used to
explain the origin and evolution of the
universe.
Activities/Assignments:
• Complete Astronomy
video
Homework:
None
Fact:
The Sun burns 600
million tons of Hydrogen
every second.
The Cosmic Microwave
Background that we
detect today started
Warm Up: + Reflection(turn in) traveling towards us
Give an example of the sourse over 13 billion years
of Radio, visual and ultra violet ago
waves on EM spectrum.