Transcript IST4e TB

Technology
Briefing
TB-1
Advanced Topics and Trends in
Managing the Information
Systems Infrastructure
(software)
IS Today (Valacich & Schneider)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Published as Prentice Hall
4/7/2016
Key IS Software Components
1-2
 Software is programs or sets of instructions that tell the
computer to perform certain processing functions. It is
also designed to allow all the computer’s hardware to
‘speak’ to each others.
 Written and tested by programmers
 Two basic types:
 Systems Software: collection of program that control
the operations of computer hardware. Have two types:
Operating System & utilities program
 Application Software: Software that let a user perform
specific tasks, such as writing business letter,
processing payroll, do presentation etc.
IS Today (Valacich & Schneider)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Published as Prentice Hall
4/7/2016
Operating System (OS)
TB-3
 Controls the basic operations of
computer hardware
 Common functions: 1) Booting, 2)
Reading programs into memory, 3)
Managing program and file
storage, 4) Maintaining the
structure of directories, 5)
Formatting disks, 6) Controlling
the computer monitor, 7) Sending
documents to the printer
 Coordinates activities among
peripherals, application software
and users
 Provides Interface Types:
1)Command-based, 2) Menu
interface, 3) Graphical user
interface (GUI)
IS Today (Valacich & Schneider)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Published as Prentice Hall
4/7/2016
Common Operating Systems
TB-4
IS Today (Valacich & Schneider)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Published as Prentice Hall
4/7/2016
Utility Programs
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 Manage computer resources and files. Similar functions as
operating system.
 It is ‘a can do without program’ when running the computer.
 Currently, some are includes in the operating systems or part of
computer purchase, while other must be bought separately and
installed in the computer
 Ex: Backup; File de-fragmentation, Data compression; Media
players, device drivers, antivirus, spam blockers, spyware
detection software etc.
IS Today (Valacich & Schneider)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Published as Prentice Hall
4/7/2016
Common Types of Computer Utilities Software
TB-6
IS Today (Valacich & Schneider)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Published as Prentice Hall
4/7/2016
Application Software
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 Written to tell the computer to perform specific user tasks. Ex. writing a
business letter and processing payroll.
 Have two types:
1) Customized (proprietary) software:
Developed specifically by or for a particular organization; Software
developed “in-house”. Advantages:
a) Customizability (A kiosk in a retail store to help shoppers) ; b)
Problem specificity (the company pays only for specific features.
Unique types of required reports).
2) Commercial software: Purchased off the shelf. A.K.A. packaged
software. Support common business processes. Advantages:
a) Less costly; b) Faster to produce; c) Higher quality; d) Less risky
 Customized and off-the-shelf applications can be combined
IS Today (Valacich & Schneider)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Published as Prentice Hall
4/7/2016
Examples of IS Application Software
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IS Today (Valacich & Schneider)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Published as Prentice Hall
4/7/2016
Examples of Productivity Software
TB-9
IS Today (Valacich & Schneider)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Published as Prentice Hall
4/7/2016
Programming Language
TB-10
 Used to write application programs
 Examples: BASIC; C/C++; COBOL; HTML; Java
 Generations of Programming Languages
1GL (1940s) – machine language (binary)
 2GL (1950s) – symbolic languages
 3GL (Mid 1950s) – English-like words (COBOL)
 4GL (1970s) – Outcome oriented (SQL)
 5GL – Natural languages; Spoken English (AI)

IS Today (Valacich & Schneider)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Published as Prentice Hall
4/7/2016