Transcript Installing and Upgrading Windows

Installing and Upgrading
Windows
Chapter 12
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Overview
• In this chapter, you will learn to
– Identify and explain the basic functions and
features of an operating system
– Install and upgrade Windows 2000 and Windows
XP
– Troubleshoot installation problems
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Historical/Conceptual
Functions of the Operating System
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Functions of an Operating System
• Communicate with hardware
• Provide a user interface
• Provide a structure for access to
applications
• Enable users to manipulate programs
and data
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Operating System Traits
• An OS works only with a particular type
of processor
• An OS begins running as soon as the PC
finishes its POST
• Application programs cannot run on a PC
without an OS
– Programs use APIs (application programming
interfaces)
• Flexible—allows use of new software and
hardware
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Operating System Traits
• Different OSs require different
applications
Operating System
Application
Mac OS X
Microsoft Office 2004
Windows XP
Microsoft Office 2006
Linux
OpenOffice
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Communicating with Hardware
• BIOS includes code that tells the
computer how to talk to basic hardware
– The OS works with BIOS to talk to these devices
– When BIOS does not know how to talk to a piece of
hardware, the OS talks directly to the device
• Most OSs use device drivers provided by the
manufacturer (Bring Your Own BIOS) to interpret the
language necessary to talk to a new device
– When there’s a problem, the OS should provide
error handling or at least error notification
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Creating a User Interface
• A user interface needs to
– Show what applications are
available
– Provide an easy way to access
applications
– Provide a way to label and save
the data
– Disappear and allow the application
to take over the screen
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Pick a shoe
Pick an application
Organizing Programs and Data
• The OS needs to be able to organize and
manipulate programs and data
– Provides name (or label) for each program and
each piece of data
– Provides naming system for drives
– Allows users to store data and programs in
organized fashion
– Allows users to manipulate data and programs
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CompTIA A+
Essentials
Essentials
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Operating System Interfaces
• Command-line interface
– Character-based or text-based
– Covered in Chapter 14
• Graphical user interface (GUI)
– Uses icons and pictures
– User interacts with OS by pointing and clicking with
mouse
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Today’s Operating Systems
Overview
• Microsoft Windows
• Apple Macintosh
• UNIX
• Linux
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Microsoft Windows
• Corporate Users
•
•
•
•
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
NT 3.1
NT 4.0
2000
XP Pro
• Home Users
• Windows 9x
• Windows 95
• Windows 98
• Windows Me
• XP Home
• XP Media
• Recently released—Windows Vista
– Versions for corporate and home users
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General Windows Features
• File systems
– Corporate used NTFS
– Home used FAT and FAT32
– Today both supported, but NTFS used for security
• Plug and Play
– Appeared with Windows 95
– Migrated to corporate side with Windows 2000
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Windows NT 4.0, 2000 Pro, XP
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Windows XP
• Ended the Windows 9x product line
• Windows XP Home
– Basic features for home users
• Windows XP Professional
– Advanced features include security for corporate
users
• Windows XP Media Edition
– Advanced features for home users include ability to
watch TV and movies
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Windows Server Products
• Windows NT 4.0 Server
• Windows 2000 Server
• Windows 2003
Server
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Apple Macintosh
•
•
•
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Used GUI long before Windows
Proprietary computers
Current OS is OS X
Macs now run
on Intel CPUs
• Uses BSD
variant of
UNIX
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UNIX
• Oldest, most powerful OS
• Many current OSs have concepts
developed from UNIX
• Open source—allows variants of OS
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Linux
• UNIX-like OS written by Linus Torvalds
• Runs on Intel/AMD processors
• Free OS
– Source code also freely available
– Uses the GNU general public license (GPL)
– Linux and applications bundled as Linux
distributions (distros)
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Linux
• Distributions
– Fedora Core
– Debian
– Slackware
– Ubuntu
– SuSE
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Installing and Upgrading Windows
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Preparing for Installation
or Upgrade
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Identify hardware requirements
Verify hardware and software compatibility
Decide: Clean install or upgrade?
Back up data
Select an install method
Identify partition and file systems to use
Determine computer’s network role
Decide on language and locale settings
Plan for post-installation tasks
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Identify Hardware Requirements
Core Resources
• CPU
• RAM
• Free hard disk space
Miscellaneous
• Video adapter
• Display
• Storage devices
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Verify Compatibility
• Hardware and software
• Use Windows Marketplace (formally
known as Hardware Compatibility List)
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Clean Install or Upgrade
• Clean install
– Usually done on empty hard disk
– All applications must be installed
• Upgrade
– New OS installs on top of the old one
– Many previous settings and capabilities retained
– Applications don’t need to be reinstalled
• Multiboot
– Doing a clean install side by side with another OS
– Enables you to boot to more than one OS
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Other Installation Methods
• When deploying many computers,
automated methods used
• Image—complete copy of OS and
applications
– Norton Ghost
– PowerQuest’s Drive Image
– Acronis’s True Image
• Remote Installation Services (RIS)
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Back Up Data
• If data saved to central server, this step
can be skipped
• If data exists on local drive, it needs to
be backed up
• Back up to network server, DVD, USB,
hard drive, etc.
– Will need to restore data from this location after
upgrade or reinstall
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Select an Installation Method
• Two basic choices
– CD-ROM (A+ focus)
• Boot from CD and start
installation
– Over the network (Network+ focus)
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Determine Partition & File System
• Partition
– Create when drive first created (or use third-party
tools to repartition)
– If multiboot, use one partition for each OS
• File system
– Use NTFS whenever possible—security features are
valuable
– If older OSs need FAT or FAT32, use FAT or FAT32
for their partition
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Miscellaneous
• Network role
– Standalone, workgroup, or domain
– Environment determines choice
• Language and locale settings
– Languages and displays can be configured for
different countries
• Post-installation tasks
– Install service packs, hotfixes, etc.
– Install updated drivers
– Install applications
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Install or Upgrade
• Text mode
– End user license agreement (EULA)
– Partition hard disk
– Files copied to hard disk
• Graphical mode
– Enter product key
– Remaining installation completes
• Upgrade disks are typically cheaper
– Require OS to be already installed or separate disk
used to verify upgrade disk can be used
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Post-Installation Tasks
• Similar as required for clean install
– Identify installation problems
– Install patches, service packs, and updates
– Upgrade drivers
– Restore user data
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Windows 2000 Professional
• Hardware Requirements
Component
CPU
Memory
Hard Disk
Network
Display
Optical
Minimum
Pentium 133 MHZ
64 MB
2 GB with 650 MB
free
None
VGA resolution
Not required unless
installing from CD
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Recommended
Pentium II 350 MHZ
128 MB
6.4 GB with 2 GB free
Modern NIC
SVGA resolution
Not required unless
installing from CD
Install Upgrade XP Pro
• Upgrade paths
Windows 98
Windows Me
Windows NT 4.0
SP5 or later
Windows 2000 Pro
(including SPs)
Windows XP Home
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Windows
XP Pro
XP Professional
• Hardware Requirements
Component Minimum
CPU
Intel or AMD 233
MHZ
Memory
64 MB
Hard Disk
1.5 GB available
hard drive space
Network
None
Display
Optical
Recommended
Intel or AMD 300 MHZ
256 MB
4 GB available hard
drive space
Modern NIC
DirectX version 8
DirectX version 8
800 X 600 resolution 800 X 600 resolution
Any CD or DVD
Any CD or DVD drive
drive
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XP Pro Compatibility
• Upgrade Advisor
– First process that runs from setup.exe
– Provides list of devices and software known to have
issues with XP
– Can be run by itself
• From Microsoft’s Web site
• Or winnt32 /checkupgradeonly
– On the installation CD or can be downloaded
for free
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XP Installation
• Bootable CD-ROM boots into setup
– May need to set boot order in BIOS
• Registration—optional
• Activation
– Mandatory within 30 days
– Anti-piracy mechanism
– System disabled after 30
days if not activated
– Via Internet or phone
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2000 and XP Upgrade Issues
• Can upgrade to 2000 Pro from 95 and 98
but not Me
• Some 9x applications won’t run on 2000
and XP
• Third-party disk compression
applications not supported on 2000/XP
• Third-party power management
applications can cause problems with
2000/XP installation
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Pre-Upgrade Steps
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Check compatibility
Back up data and configuration files
Perform “spring cleaning”
Perform disk scan and defrag
Uncompress all
Perform virus scan and disable or
remove virus-checking software
• Disable CMOS virus checking
• Be prepared to do clean install
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2000/XP Clean Install
• Steps same for both
• Start by booting to CD-ROM
• Text mode
– Can partition drive in this mode
– Choose file system (usually NTFS)
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2000/XP Clean Install
• Graphical mode
• Enter product key
– Good idea to write this on the CD
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2000/XP Clean Install
• Configure computer name and
administrator password
• Network settings
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Automating the Install
• Scripted installation
–
–
–
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Setup Manager creates answer files
Available on CD or can be downloaded
Creates answer files for multiple OSs
Fully automated or partially automated
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Automating the Install
• Disk cloning problem
– Unique security identifier (SID) is not unique
if cloned
• Solution
– GhostWalker or NewSID can be used to create new
SID
– Sysprep sanitizes many unique settings on a
computer such as SID
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Troubleshooting Installation
Problems
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Text Mode Errors
• No boot device
– Either startup disk is bad, or CMOS not set to boot
off CD-ROM first
• Windows Setup requires X amount of
available drive space
– Check formatting and/or space of C: drive
• Not ready error on optical drive
– Check the CD-ROM drive and disc
• BSOD
– Probably due to hardware incompatibility
– Check KB 165863
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Graphical Mode Errors
• Hardware detection errors
– Could be hardware incompatibility
– If non-critical hardware, find and install correct
drivers
• Can’t read CAB files
– Check the CD-ROM for scratches
– Try copying i386 files onto hard drive
– Replace the CD-ROM
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Lockups During Install
• Smart recovery, repair install
– Unplug system and restart
– Will automatically start where it left off
• Optical drive, hard drive
– Try another disc or another CD-ROM drive
• Log files—track progress of install
– Setuplog.txt
– Setupapi.log
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