Transcript Open Source Overview by Roger Maduro

Open Source Overview
Roger A. Maduro
Linux Infrastructure, LLC
April 25, 2003
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CIO Magazine
Your Open Source Plan
Cover story
March 15, 2003
“Once a toy for geeks, open
source is slowly but surely
filtering into the enterprise and
transforming the way software is
designed, sold and supported.
And any CIO without an opensource strategy in 2003 will be
paying too much for IT in 2004.”
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The Freedom to Choose
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“In a 2001 CIO survey, 85 percent of the respondents
said they weren't going to sign up for Microsoft's new
subscription plan. Our latest survey shows that more
than half have stuck to their guns. That's because a
new factor has entered the equation: choice. Now
CIOs have it.”
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CIO Magazine, Showdown at the 6.0 Corral, Christopher
Koch, March 15, 2003.
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Very Short History of Open Systems/Open Source
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1969/1970 Dennis Ritchie, Kenneth Thompson, and others at AT&T Bell Labs
begin developing Unix in collaboration with the academic community.
In 1979, the ``seventh edition'' (V7) version of Unix is released—this is the
grandfather of all extant Unix systems. UC at Berkeley starts developing a
variant called the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).
“Unix Wars” rage in the 1980’s and early 90’s.
In 1984 Richard Stallman's Free Software Foundation (FSF) began the GNU
project, a project to create a free version of the Unix operating system. By free,
Stallman meant software that could be freely used, read, modified, and
redistributed.
In 1991 Linus Torvalds began developing an operating system kernel, which he
named ``Linux'' [Torvalds 1999]. This kernel could be combined with the FSF
material and other components (in particular some of the BSD components and
MIT's X-windows software) to produce a freely-modifiable and very useful
operating system.
(Source: David A. Wheeler, Secure Programming for Linux and Unix HOWTO, March 2003).
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What is Open Source Software?
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Open Source software is software whose source
code can be obtained, viewed, changed and
redistributed without royalties or other limitations.
(Source: David Wheeler)
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Free can have two meanings: Gratis and Libre.
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Gratis means it comes at no cost.
Libre means freedom, the freedom to use the software as
one chooses.
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The Proprietary Software Issue
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Open Source software IS proprietary!
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Debate is still raging as to how to correctly label what
has been known as “proprietary software,” or
“commercial software…”
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“Lock-in software?”
“Closed-source software?”
“Hostageware?”
“Monopolyware?”
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Licensing Models
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GPL
LGPL
BSD
Apache
Mozilla
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Microsoft’s
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Apache Software License
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Apache Software License
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Version 1.1
Copyright (c) 2000 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that
the following conditions are met:
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1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, if any, must include the following
acknowledgment:
"This product includes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http:// www.apache.org/)."
Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself, if and wherever such third- party
acknowledgments normally appear.
4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" must not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
[email protected].
5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache", nor may "Apache" appear in their name,
without prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
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The Six O’s
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Open Source
Open Code
Open Industry Standards
Open Systems
Open Architecture
Open Data
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Open Source Operating Systems
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Linux
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Red Hat
SuSE
Mandrake
Debian
Xandros (Lindows)
BSD
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FreeBSD
OpenBSD
NetBSD
Mac OSX
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Attributes of open source/Linux
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Reliable
Secure
Robust
Scalable
Manageable
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Benefits
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Lower licensing costs than Windows or Unix.
Does not incur client access license fees or renewal
“upgrade” fees.
Lower hardware requirements.
Greater performance on the same hardware (3 to 10
times the performance).
Lower staff costs (one administrator can manage 3 to
10 times the number of servers).
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Integration
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It is the ideal application integration engine because it is based
on open industry standards and has an open architecture.
Code is open and accessible if customization is necessary (or
for troubleshooting). This also means that it is portable and the
investment is preserved.
Supports 11 hardware architectures., Windows runs only on the
Intel architecture.
Great Open Source Middleware (Zope, eZPublisher…).
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Value Proposition
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Initial financial outlay is lower.
Cost over 6 years is 30 to 90% lower than Microsoft Windows.
No disruptions along the way (no forced upgrades/migrations to
new operating system & office suite every 18 to 36 months).
Running cost is predictable.
IT cycle is predictable (equals safety for the business and
investment).
Training costs are lower (same basic operating system).
The system can be updated all the way to the end of the cycle.
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Desktop Licenses-Linux vs. Microsoft
Hypothetical 100-user case (this is just to illustrate the differences in licensing
costs—greatest savings with Linux come from lower support and maintenance
costs).
Microsoft
Operating
System
100 Users
Linux
(SuSE)
100 Users
$299
$29,900
$79.95
$7,995
$579
$57,900
$0
$0
Office Suite
Total
$87,800
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$7,995
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Server Licenses-Linux vs. Microsoft
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Hypothetical 100-user case (this is just to illustrate the differences in
licensing costs—greatest savings with Linux come from lower support and
maintenance costs).
Microsoft
CALS
Total
Linux
(SuSE)
CALS
Total
Server
$3,999
$3,196
$7,195
$749
$0
$749
Mail
Server
$699
$6,700
$7,399
$0
$0
$0
SQL
Server
$4,999
$4,999
$0
$0
$0
Totals
$19,543
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$749
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Cost Comparisons (Web Servers) 1
Three-year Total Costs of Ownership
Year 3
Case
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Linux
$49,931
$62,203
$74,475
Solaris
$421,718
$491,619
$561,520
Windows
$91,724
$141,193
$190,662
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Totals in
Thousands
Source: Robert Frances Group, “Total Cost of Ownership for Linux in the Enterprise,” July 2002.
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Cost Comparisons (Web Servers) 2
System Support and Administration
(Yearly externally purchased support and administrator salary costs per Processing Unit)
3-Year Total
Case
Externally
Purchased
Support
Costs
Admin.
Salary
Costs
3-Year
Total for
both
Linux
<$10
$12,010
$36,060
Solaris
$19,309
$29,509
$146,454
Windows
$1,520
$46,360
$143,640
$150
$100
Linux
Solaris
Windows
$50
$0
Thousands of dollars
Source: Robert Frances Group, “Total Cost of Ownership for Linux in the Enterprise,” July 2002.
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Cost Comparisons (Web Servers) 3
Salary Costs Per Processing Unit
Salary Per Processing Unit
Case
Linux
Salary
Per
Admin
Servers
per
Admin
Salary
per
Server
Salary
per PU
$71,400
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$1,623
$12,010
60
50
40
Solaris
$85,844
6.4*
$13,413
$29,509
Windows
$68,500
10
$6,850
$52,060
Linux
Solaris
Windows
30
20
10
0
*Sun customers had large servers.
Thousands of
dollars
Source: Robert Frances Group, “Total Cost of Ownership for Linux in the Enterprise,” July 2002.
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Contact Information
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Contact Information
Roger A. Maduro
Managing Director
Linux Infrastructure, LLC
117 Davis Ave., SW.
Leesburg, Virginia 20175
(571) 217-6921
[email protected]
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