Transcript hardwaresoftware

HARDWARE &
SOFTWARE
OVERVIEW
CAPTURING INFORMATION
WITH INPUT DEVICES
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If you need to capture information and/or
interact with the computer, use input devices
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INPUT DEVICES are the tools you use to
capture information or commands at the
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The key is to use the right input device that will
capture information at its point of origin.
– S
TPS input:
is the goal when working with
at the
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Keyboards provide a means for the user to input info and commands directly into the
computer system (by typing).
The mouse inputs data or commands when you click on icons or buttons.
Touch-tone input device: data or commands are input using a telephone keypad.
Voice recognition system: input data or commands via a person speaking. Captures sound
Bar code reader: reads information in the form of vertical bars
Magnetic ink character recognition is used to read the pre-printed information at the bottom
of checks and deposit slips.
Touch screens: users input info by touching the screen (touch-sensitive area)
Optical mark recognition: detects the presence or absence of a mark in a pre-determined spot,
such as on a scantron or test form.
Optical character recognition reads actual numbers or letters (which have been standardized)
Image scanners can be used to take something on paper and convert it into a computer-usable
form.
Digital cameras can be used to input an image/picture of an object, which then can be
manipulated by the computer.
Trackballs function much like a mouse does, but instead of moving the actual device (like
with a mouse), you control the cursor by moving the ball.
Virtual reality input devices are used to capture and convey movement.
Pointing Sticks are used control cursor movements (most often seen in laptop computers)
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
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Uses a
in a tag or label to
transmit information back and forth between an
object and a receiving device.
– Can be used to
inventory,
inventory
and
product
.
– Pay at toll road plazas.
– Purchase products without standing in line (just walk
past a scanner with the product).
– Pr
– Manufacturing
–B
tracking and
– US passports will have RFID chips
containing information about the passport holder.
An Overview of Software
The
what to do.
Operating Systems and Operating
Environments
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The Mac Operating Systems (OS X
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M
Family of Operating Systems
– Prior Microsoft Operating Systems
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Windows 3.X for DOS
Windows NT
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows Me
Windows 2000
Windows XP
– Vista
– W
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Windows 1,2,3
Windows 3
Windows 4
Windows 5
Windows 5.1
Windows 6
The Linux Operating System
Unix (KSU’s mainframe operating system)
)
Apple Computers & the Mac Operating System
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In 2006, Apple switched to an
.
– Historically, PCs and Apples could not easily communicate
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Apple computer’s Macintosh was the first microcomputer to use a
. Often the innovator of features
for their operating systems.
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Current operating system is the Mac
, featuring
the Apple
– OS X
: introduced in 2005: (OS X.4)
– OS X
: released Oct. 2007: current version (OS X.5)
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B
software allows users to install and run
on the Mac.
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Computers made by Apple typically use the
(FireFox as well)
The Apple
“Aqua” interface
Mac OS X Leopard Screenshot
Leopard: Faster, Easier Than Vista
http://link.brightcove.com/services/link/bcpid452319854/bctid1269157495
Walt Mossberg , Wall Street Journal , Thursday October 25, 2007
• Leopard was finally released on Friday October 26
• Leopard: considered “
”, but not
“revolutionary”. May be better than Vista.
• Time Machine
– Apple’s
the background.
that automatically works in
• CoverFlow
– Graphical display that lets you see
music, video and graphics files.
of
• Q
– Lets you quickly see what is in a file without actually
opening it.
• It is very easy to share files with other computers on
your network. Sharing is made easier.
• B
is now built
into the Leopard operating
system. It used to be a
separate download.
With Cover Flow, users get a visual preview
of a computer's files without having to
open programs.
Time Machine
Stacks displays
the files in
folders in the
dock.
Linux
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Unix off-shoot (looks like Unix, but source code is different)
O
first developed in 1991: primary source code for the
operating system is freely available for programmers and developers
– Source code is
, but
of the operating system
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Software: Leading Linux provider. Current distribution is
called Enterprise Linux
• Caldera’s distribution of Linux is called OpenLinux
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Linux
as more and more businesses are starting to implement it
– Easy to use,
(more so than Microsoft systems).
– Especially useful in networking environments.
– Like Unix, it supports multiple platforms.
– Many don’t like
Linux
– C
Microsoft operating systems.
– The core operating system is
by programmers and developers worldwide: constantly evolving.
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Popular operating system for
– found on 25% of all
servers on the Internet.
Often runs the
software suite called
,
which is a variant of Sun Microsystems StarOffice software suite.
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Office Equivalents to OpenOffice
Application Software
Component
Presentation Software
Microsoft Office
Equivalent
OpenOffice
Equivalent
Microsoft Word
OpenOffice
Microsoft
OpenOffice
Microsoft Access
OpenOffice
BASE
Microsoft PowerPoint
OpenOffice
IMPRESS
Microsoft’s Line of Operating Systems
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Microsoft Operating Systems prior to Vista
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DOS
Windows 3.X for DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows Me
– B
• Windows NT
• Windows 2000
– Windows XP
Microsoft’s Line of Operating Systems
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Microsoft Operating Systems prior to Vista
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DOS
Windows 3.X for DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows Me
Windows 1,2,3
Windows 4
– B
• Windows NT
• Windows 2000
– Windows XP
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Vista
W
Windows 3
Windows 5
Windows 5.1
Windows
Windows 7
Windows 95
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Windows 95 was a significant change from the DOSbased environment that previously was seen and it is
significant because many features that we still use
today were first introduced with Windows 95.
–F
that DID NOT NEED DOS,
although it still had DOS.
–L
allowed.
–R
for deleted files.
– Plug and Play when adding new hardware.
– True Multi-tasking
–S
to immediately launch programs.
Windows XP
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Released on October 25, 2001. e
erience
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First version of Windows designed for the
– Home Edition of Windows XP
– Professional Edition of Windows XP
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Biggest change was that
than other versions of Windows.
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Multiple users can save files on one computer while
keeping those files
from other users. Each
user must
to use the computer.
Features of Windows XP
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than Windows 95, 98, and Me because
it is built around the core code of Windows
NT/2000.
The
function allowed you to access
your PC from another PC (in a corporate setting)
and you can even give authorization for someone
else to use the Internet to remotely access the
computer in order to make repairs.
Contained
that provides “basic”
while you are on the Internet.
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Released in late
– At one time called Longhorn. Now
– Release was over 5 years since the release of Windows
XP
Updated/new features included:
– An updated
called
– Improved
for My Computer
– New security features, including the
Security System (anti
&
tools,
Windows firewall, and auto updates
– New networking, print, audio and display engines
– An increased level of communications between machines on a home
network
Windows Vista
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Most Vista purchases are a result of someone
on it.
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Microsoft is
Windows users are still using it (and
and many
to Vista).
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If your
or if you don’t
have
, then you will not be able
to enjoy the full functionality of Vista.
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The next Windows release after Vista is currently
being called “
” (name was “Vienna” at one
time). Expected release is January
(maybe late 2009)
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New improved Start
Menu and
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A new Document Explorer
lets you more easily work
with your files and see what
is in them (via thumbnails)
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Windows Sidebar provides quick
access to gadgets like picture slide
shows, Windows Media Player
controls, or news headlines. Simply
pick the gadgets you want to see.
The new Internet Explorer 7 features,
like
and live
previews.
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Windows Flip (Alt+Tab)
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See thumbnail views of the
items in your taskbar by resting
your mouse pointer on them.
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Windows Flip
3D uses the
scroll wheel on
your mouse
Walt Mossberg’s Beta Evaluation
of Windows 7
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http://video.allthingsd.com/?bcpid=742148386&bctid=8711521001
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Seen as being a
found in Vista.
F
than Vista
Not as many
and nag screens.
Better
(than seen when Vista released).
Seems to be able to run popular programs from Microsoft’s rivals
New /Improved
Simpler to create and connect a home network.
Same underlying architecture and graphical features found in Vista (translucent
Window borders)
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are flashiest improvement (if you have a touch sensitive
screen)
Easy to upgrade from
. Difficult to upgrade from
Some of the programs traditionally bundled as part of Windows are
(photo gallery, calendar, address book, movie maker, Vista’s mail).
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Application Software
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Allows the user to
– Word processing programs
– Spreadsheet programs
– Database management systems
– Presentation software
– Internet web browsers
– Email programs
– Integrated software suites
– Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
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In the future, it is thought that you won’t have your application
software installed on your hard drive. Instead, you will go out to the
Internet to access and use it, perhaps even storing the files you create
online.
– At http://docs.google.com, you can find
free online
application software
– April 2008:
begins to experiment with an online
model.
• Dec 2008: Microsoft announces a
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is being developed
W
are the software capable of understanding
files and HTML coding.
– Internet Explorer:
– Safari: default browser found on
– Opera: can
: one of the
: .7% share of the market.
– The Netscape Family of Browsers
market share
• Netscape: dominant in web’s early days, before IE
• Mozilla
• F
than IE, can be found on computers
running Windows, Linux or the Macintosh operating system.
of the market share
Walt Mossberg Compares
Google Chrome
versus
Internet Explorer 8
(both are currently available in beta/test versions)
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http://link.brightcove.com/services/link/bcpid716692140/bclid742940077/bctid1770021405
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IE has a private browser mode that
your web browsing habits.
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is seen as being a worthy addition to the browser
marketplace, but more work needs to be done to improve the browser.
Microsoft Office 2007
• The most controversial feature of Office 2007 is the
new “
” which replaces the
traditional
with “context-friendly”
of the “most-useful” options.
– Each ribbon extends the full width of the Window
– Won’t bother first-time Office users
– Experienced users will need to relearn the locations of
some of the most commonly used features.
• Minor changes have been made to Access, but major
changes have been made to Excel and Word
• Word, Excel and PowerPoint now default to saving
documents in the new Microsoft Office
, which can’t be opened by programs from
earlier versions of Office (use the Save As option in the File Menu to save
a document in an older format) unless the Office Compatibility Pack
has been downloaded and installed
• If you want Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Access, select the
Office 2007
edition.