Transcript CSCI1412 - Introduction & Overview

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CSCI2413
Lecture 1
Operating Systems (OS)
Introduction and Overview
Introduction
• Personal introduction
• Module outline
• Learning Plan,
Weekly Topics
• Assessment
• Resources,
Books, Web-Sites.
• Background Revision
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Architecture; general components
Interrupt systems
Addressing memory locations
Representation of Data !?
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Personal Introduction
•
– Morteza Safavi
• Room
• Tel
• email
GH5.10
207 8477
[email protected]
• http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~msaf
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Overview of Computer Systems
– Computer System Architecture and operation
– Interrupts a DMA
– Storage
– Operating System definitions
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Weekly Topics – Term 1
Week no
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3
5
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Lecture Title
Introduction and Overview
Operating System Overview
Concept of a “Process”
Process Management
Concurrency
Memory Management 1
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Weekly Topics – Term 2
Week no Lecture Title
16
18
20
22
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Memory Management 2
Process Scheduling Techniques
The IO management
The File System
File Management Techniques
Security and Protection
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Exam ??
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Assessment
• Assessment by
– Coursework:
• Phase test-1
10% (Thursday 16th December,4.00 pm)
• Assignment (program or written report), 25%,
• Phase test-2
15% (Thursday 3rd March,4.00 pm)
– Exam
50%
• time and date will be announced in good time
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Resources
• Web Sites (linked from module home page)
• http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~msaf/#Useful_site
• Books
– Operating Systems 5th Edition – William Stallings – Prentice Hall, 2005
– Modern Operating Systems (2nd Ed.) – Andrew S Tanenbaum - Prentice Hall, 2001
– Operating Systems 4th Edition – Colin Ritchie – Continuum, 2003
– Operating Systems 3rd Edition – Nutt GJ Pearson 2004
– Structured Computer Organization - (4th Ed.) – Andrew S Tanenbaum Prentice Hall, 1999
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Overview of
Computer Systems
Computer-System Architecture
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Computer-System Operation
• I/O devices and the CPU can execute concurrently.
• Device controller is in charge of own device.
• Each device controller has a local buffer.
• CPU moves data from main memory to local buffers, or vice
versa
• Device controller informs CPU of its operation by causing an
interrupt.
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Common Functions of Interrupts
• Interrupt transfers control to ISR, through the
interrupt vector, which contains the addresses of
all the service routines.
• Address of the interrupted instruction is saved on
stack.
• Other interrupts are disabled
• An operating system is interrupt driven.
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Interrupt Handling
• OS preserves the state of the CPU by storing
registers and the program counter on stack.
• Determines which type of interrupt has occurred:
– polling
– vectored interrupt system
• Determine what action should be taken for each
type of interrupt
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Direct Memory Access
• Used for high-speed I/O devices able to transmit
information at close to memory speeds.
• Device controller transfers blocks of data from
buffer storage directly to main memory without
CPU intervention.
• Only one interrupt is generated per block, rather
than the one interrupt per byte.
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Storage Hierarchy
Storage systems organized in hierarchy.
– Speed
– Cost
– Volatility
• Caching – copying information into faster storage
system; main memory can be viewed as a last
cache for secondary storage.
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Caching
• High-speed memory to hold recently-accessed
data.
• Requires a cache management policy.
• Caching introduces another level in storage
hierarchy. This requires data that is
simultaneously stored in more than one level to
be consistent
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What is an Operating System?
• A program that acts as an intermediary between a
user and the computer hardware.
• OS goals:
– Execute user programs and make solving user
problems easier.
– Make the computer system convenient to use.
• Use the computer hardware in an efficient
manner.
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OS Definitions
• Resource allocator – manages and allocates
resources.
• Control program – controls the execution of user
programs and operations of I/O devices .
• Kernel – the one program running at all times (all
else being application programs).
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Summary
• Personal introduction
• Module outline
– topics
– assessment
– resources
• the module web site
• Computer System Overview
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Architecture and operation
Interrupts a DMA
Storage
Operating System definitions
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