Transcript Computer Concepts-Illustrated Introductory, Sixth Edition

Computer Concepts - Illustrated
Introductory, Seventh Edition
UNIT C:
Software
Objectives
Introduce computer software
Explore operating systems
Compare operating systems
Define office productivity software
Define graphics software
Define entertainment and education
software
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Objectives
Define business and science software
Understand utilities
Understand licenses and copyrights
Install and uninstall software
Talking points: What are the
consequences of software piracy?
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Computer Software
Software (computer programs)
 Files that work together to provide computer
with instructions and data for carrying out
specific task
 Designed to provide task-relevant environment
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Screen display
Ways of collecting input
Specifications for processing data
Method for displaying or outputting data
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Computer Software
System software
 Designed for computer specific tasks
• Diagnosing hard drive, Internet connection problems
Application software
 Helps you carry out tasks using computer
• Creating a digital presentation
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Computer Software
Finding appropriate software
 Generally grouped into subcategories
depending use
 System software
• Operating systems, utilities, device drivers
 Application software
• Grouped according to task
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Computer Software
Software Categories
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Computer Software
Productivity software
 Has potential to help people do work more
efficiently
Groupware
 Helps two or more people collaborate on
project using networks or Internet connections
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Computer Software
Starting an application
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Operating Systems
Operating system (OS)
 System software that is master controller for all
activities that take place within computer system
Boot process
 Launches when computer turns on
• “Booting computer”
 Six major events happen during boot process
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Operating Systems
Steps in Boot Process
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Operating Systems
Operating system

Manages computer’s resources
• Resource - any computer component required to
perform work
 Stores and retrieves files
 Remembers names and locations of
files
 Displays on-screen warning if device or
driver not performing correctly
 Controls memory, and ensures input
and output proceed in orderly manner
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Operating Systems
Many processes compete for attention
of computer’s processor
The Windows Task Manager lists
processes being executed
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Operating Systems
User interaction with OS
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Operating Systems
Three main operating systems
 Windows
 Mac OS
 Linux
OS used
 Depends on type of personal computer
used
 Type of processor running
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows
 Installed on majority of world’s
computers
 Latest version is Windows Vista
• Enhanced security, flexible file management,
and more powerful search capabilities
• Home Basic, Home Premium, Business,
Ultimate, and Enterprise editions
• Also server, media center, and embedded
editions
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Operating Systems
Mac OS
 Newest version is MAC OS X
 OS X versions named after large cats,
Leopard is most recent
 Computer is running Mac OS if:
• Apple logo at top of screen on menu bar
• Dock at bottom of screen
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Operating Systems
Windows Taskbar
MAC Dock
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Operating Systems
Boot Camp - dual-boot utility
 Allows user to choose Mac OS or
Windows when computer starts
 Gives user ability to run Windows
software on a Mac
 Must have Intel Mac
 Must reboot computer to change
operating systems
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Operating Systems
Running Windows from Mac
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Operating Systems
Linux
 Open source OS available for free
download and use
 Distributed under General Public
License (GPL)
• Public free to make copies, give it
away, or sell it
 Encourages programmers to develop
utilities, programs, and enhancements
for Linux
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Operating Systems
Linux KDE operating system
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Operating Systems
Virtual machine technology
Allows one computer to simulate hardware and
software of another
 Switch from one OS to another
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Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Office Productivity Software
Office productivity software
 Software integrates word processing,
spreadsheet, database, drawing, and
presentation capabilities
Word processing
 Used to produce documents such as
reports, letter and manuscripts
 Format for document refers to way
elements are arranged on page
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Office Productivity Software
Formatting a document in Word
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Office Productivity Software
Desktop publishing software
 Tools for word processing and graphic
design
Spreadsheet
 For projects that require repetitive
calculations
• Budgets, maintaining grade book, balancing
checkbook, tracking investments
 Worksheet - grid based on columns and
rows
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Office Productivity Software
Electronic Worksheet in Excel
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Office Productivity Software
Database software
 Creates database to enter, find,
organize, and report information
• Record - holds data for single entity
• Field - holds one item of data relevant to
record
• Table - series of records
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Office Productivity Software
Creating table in Access
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Office Productivity Software
Presentation software
 Combine text, graphics, graphs, animations, and sound
into series of electronic slides
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Office Productivity Software
Web authoring software
 Design and develop Web pages that
can be published on Web
 Includes tools for HTML tags
• Code used to display document on Web
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Graphics Software
Graphics
 Any picture, drawing, sketch,
photograph, image, or icon that appears
on computer screen or on printed output
Graphics software
 Create, display, modify, manipulate, and
print graphics
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Graphics Software
Drawing
software
 Tools that can be
assembled into
diagrams and
corporate logos
 Lines, shapes,
colors
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Graphics Software
Paint software
 Sometimes called image editing
software
 Provides electronic pens, brushes, and
paints for painting images on screen
 Microsoft Paint, Corel Paint Shop Pro,
Adobe Photoshop
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Graphics Software
Photo editing software
 Features designed to improve quality of
photos
• Modify contrast and brightness
• Cropping
• Removing “red eye”
 Often includes photo organizers
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Graphics Software
Using Photo editing software
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Graphics Software
3D graphics software
 Set of tools for creating wire-frame models that represent
three-dimensional objects
 Wire-frame models are frames which are covered with
surface texture and color
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Graphics Software
CAD software (computer aided design)
 3D graphics software designed for
architects and engineers
• Create blueprints and product specifications
Computers and 3D graphics software
 Used extensively in movie industry
 Feature-length animation
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Entertainment and
Education Software
Computers also used for entertainment
 Games
 Digital voice and music recordings
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Entertainment and
Education Software
Entertainment Software Rating Board
 Rates video and computer games
 Ratings include rating symbol and content
description
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Entertainment and
Education Software
MP3
 Compression file format for digital audio
recordings
MIDI sequencing software
 Great for creating sound effects and
controlling keyboards and other
instruments
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Entertainment and
Education Software
Video editing and DVD authoring
software
 Tools for transporting video footage from camera
to computer
 Deleting unwanted footage
 Assembling video segments in any sequence
 Adding visual effects
 Adding sound track
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Entertainment and
Education Software
Video Editing Software
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Entertainment and
Education Software
Educational software
 Use computer to learn and practice new skills
• Arithmetic, reading, languages, playing instruments,
improving keyboarding skills, preparing for standardized
tests
Reference software
 Provides information and way to access it
• Cookbooks, telephone books, medical reference,
encyclopedias, etc
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Business and
Science Software
Project management software
 Planning large and small projects, scheduling project
tasks, tracking resources, and keeping track of costs
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Business and
Science Software
Accounting and finance software
 Keep records of monetary transactions
and investments
Tax preparation software
 Specialized personal finance software
 Gather income and expense data,
identify deductions, and calculate tax
payments
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Business and
Science Software
Software suite
 Collection of application software sold
as single package
• Microsoft Office Professional 2007 Suite:
Applications used to boost productivity
• Adobe Creative Suite: Applications for
graphics
• Media suites: Programs for creating music
and video
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Business and
Science Software
Statistical software
 Analyzes large sets of data to discover
relationships and patterns
Mathematical modeling software
 Tools for solving wide range of math,
science, and engineering problems
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining Business and
Science Software
Visualization of Data Using Statistical Software
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Utilities
Utility software – type of system
software designed to perform
specialized task
 Diagnostic tools
 Setup wizards
 Communications programs
 Security software
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Utilities
Many utilities come with OS
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Utilities
Utility programs
 Compression utility: Reduces file sizes for
quick transmission or efficient storage
 Security utilities: Antivirus software, pop-up ad
blockers, personal firewalls, spam filters
 Utilities for customizing your desktop: Skins
utilities
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Utilities
Device driver
 Helps peripheral device
establish communication
with computer
Widget
 Specialized utility program
that appears on desktop
 Looks like control, used to
display snippet of
information
• Clocks, calendars, weather,
news, sticky notes
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Licenses and
Copyrights
Software license or license
agreement
 Legal contract defines ways computer program
may be used
EULA (end-user license agreement)
 Displayed on screen
when piece of
software first used
 Generally accept
agreement by clicking
button labeled ‘OK, I
Agree’, or’ I Accept’
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Licenses and
Copyrights
How are software licenses legally
binding without signatures?
 Shrink-wrap license - goes into effect when
package is opened
 Installation agreement – goes into effect when
accept option is clicked
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Licenses and
Copyrights
Software copyright protections and
software classifications
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

Commercial software
Shareware
Freeware
Open source software
Public domain software
Demoware
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Licenses and
Copyrights
Types of software licenses
 Single-user
 Site license
 Multiple-users
 Concurrent-user
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Licenses and
Copyrights
Copyright
 Legal protection grants author of original work
exclusive right to copy, distribute, sell, and modify
that work, except under special circumstances
described by copyright laws
Intellectual property
 Ownership of certain types of information, ideas,
or representations
• Patents, trademarks, music, photos, software, books,
and film
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Licenses and
Copyrights
Pirating
 Illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted
material
 Significant revenue loss for software publishers,
recording studios and film producers
 Fight against piracy - passing strict antipiracy
laws; scrambling, encryption, digital rights
management schemes that physically prevent
copying; consumer education
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Installing and Uninstalling Software
New software must be installed
before use
Upgrading and uninstalling software
are important skills to learn
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Installing and Uninstalling Software
System requirements
 Specify operating system and minimum
hardware requirements for software to work
correctly
Setup program
 Guides installation process
Full installation gives access to all features
of software
Custom installation allows selection of
features you want
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Installing and Uninstalling Software
Downloaded software files - generally zipped to
consolidate them into one file, part of installation
process unzips files
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Installing and Uninstalling Software
Validation code
 Sequence of numbers and letters
typically supplied separately from
software itself
• Not serial number
 Enter when instructed during setup
process
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Installing and Uninstalling Software
Installing updates similar to installing
program itself
 Activate setup program, display license
agreement, add updated entries to computer’s
Start menu
Patches
 Small programs designed to correct, secure, or
enhance existing program
Service packs
 Collection of updates, fixes, or enhancements
delivered as single package
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Installing and Uninstalling Software
Removing (uninstalling) software
 Most software programs come with
uninstall program
 Most OSs also provide access to
uninstall program
Uninstall programs - designed to
delete all related program files from
various directories on hard drive
 Best to use if available
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Talking Points:
What are the consequences of software piracy?
Software easy to steal, but stealing is
illegal
Piracy and counterfeiting
 Huge problem for software companies
 According to 2006 study
• 35 percent of all software installed on PCs
worldwide was obtained illegally
• Resulting in nearly $40 billion in global
losses due to piracy
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition