Transcript Introduction to Unix - University at Buffalo

Introduction to Unix
GLY 560:
GIS for Earth Scientists
Class Home Page:
http://www.geology.buffalo.edu/courses/gly560/
What is Unix?
• Unix is an operating system, not a machine
(just as Windows is a operating system).
• Created in the late 1960’s at Bell Labs, to
handle multiple users on multiple machines.
• Still a standard for multi-user environments and
workstations.
• Unix is actually a class of operating systems,
with different “flavors”. We will use the Unix
system sold by Sun Computers, called Solaris.
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GLY560: GIS and RS
Why Use Unix
• Advantages
• Number crunching ability, 64 vs 32 bit processing.
• Networking
• Security
• Stability
• Disadvantages
• Command line based, poor help facilities
• Limited software availability
• Dominance of MS Windows and Mac
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GLY560: GIS and RS
How Will You Use Unix?
• The primary software package you will use in this
class, ArcGIS 9.1, runs only on Windows.
• The lab machines are based on LINUX, which is a
UNIX-like operating system for PCs.
• ArcGIS will actually run in Windows on top of LINUX
using VMWare.
• To complete the exercises in this class, you will need
to know LINUX (basically the same a UNIX) and
Windows.
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GLY560: GIS and RS
Accessing Unix
•Local Window (Terminal Window)
•Remote Terminal
•Smart Terminal
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GLY560: GIS and RS
System Access and Administration
• Geology Unix systems are managed by Science and
Engineering Node Services (SENS) located in Bell Hall.
• Our computers are managed remotely by SENS
designated “superusers”.
• Your instructors are not superusers but human, like you,
so if you run into problems
CONTACT NODEHELP DIRECTLY
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GLY560: GIS and RS
Logging In
• Unix is designed for multiple users and is
consequently very security-minded.
• To run any machine, locally or remotely, you
need to log in with a username and password
that the system recognizes.
• Who is recognized is determined by the system
administrator or superuser.
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GLY560: GIS and RS
The Unix Shell
• The shell is a program that
communicates with the guts of
the Unix system (the kernel).
When you type in a command
at a terminal, you are talking to
the shell.
• There are different flavors of
shells, so Unix commands can
vary slightly.
• The shell is invisible for most
basic operations and probably
everything you will do in this
class.
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GLY560: GIS and RS
What You Will Need to Know
• How to log on to a Unix machine locally and
remotely.
• How to administer your accounts (password,
disk space etc).
• How to move, copy, edit files.
• How to list files and directories and change their
access privileges
• How to send and receive files to and from
remote computers (via FTP protocol).
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GLY560: GIS and RS
Exercises
• You will work through some exercises to familiarize
yourself with the Unix operating environment.
• It will be best if you can arrange your window so that you
can see both the web browser and the terminal window
at the same time.
• Work through the exercises at the link given below. You
will be given a quiz to test your understanding after you
complete the exercises.
Unix Exercises are located at:
http://www.geology.buffalo.edu/courses/gly560/Exercises/Unix/Unix.html
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GLY560: GIS and RS