Transcript Alternative Operating Systems Available Today

Alternative Operating Systems
Available Today
April 6th, 2011
1 Start with Statistics and a little History
2. Go through Top 10 from techradar.com
3. Finish with information from Wikipedia and a Google
Search on Top 10
What is the trend in operating systems usage?
Web Statistics and Trends
2009
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
Win7
9.0%
6.7%
4.4%
3.2%
2.5%
1.9%
1.6%
1.1%
0.7%
0.5%
0.4%
0.2%
Vista
16.0%
17.5%
18.6%
18.3%
18.1%
17.7%
18.3%
18.4%
17.9%
17.3%
17.2%
16.5%
Win2003
1.4%
1.4%
1.5%
1.5%
1.6%
1.7%
1.7%
1.7%
1.7%
1.7%
1.6%
1.6%
WinXP
61.6%
62.2%
63.3%
65.2%
66.2%
67.1%
66.9%
67.2%
68.0%
68.9%
69.0%
69.8%
W2000
0.6%
0.7%
0.7%
0.8%
0.9%
1.0%
1.0%
1.1%
1.2%
1.3%
1.4%
1.6%
Linux
4.5%
4.3%
4.2%
4.1%
4.2%
4.3%
4.2%
4.1%
4.0%
4.0%
4.0%
3.9%
Mac
6.5%
6.7%
6.8%
6.5%
6.1%
6.0%
5.9%
6.1%
6.1%
5.9%
6.0%
5.8%
Note the increase in Win 7 and slight drop in WinXP and steady numbers on
Vista as the 2nd Choice.
2010
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
Win7
29.1%
28.5%
26.8%
24.3%
22.3%
20.6%
19.8%
18.9%
16.7%
14.7%
13.0%
11.3%
Vista Win2003 WinXP W2000 Linux
8.9% 1.1%
47.2% 0.2%
5.0%
9.5% 1.1%
47.0% 0.2%
5.0%
9.9% 1.1%
48.9% 0.3%
4.7%
10.0% 1.1%
51.7%
0.3% 4.6%
10.5% 1.3%
53.1%
0.4% 4.9%
10.9% 1.3%
54.6%
0.4% 4.8%
11.7% 1.3%
54.6%
0.4% 4.8%
12.4% 1.3%
55.3% 0.4%
4.5%
13.2% 1.3%
56.1% 0.5%
4.5%
13.7% 1.4% 57.8% 0.5%
4.5%
14.4% 1.4% 58.4% 0.6%
4.6%
15.4% 1.4% 59.4% 0.6%
4.6%
Note the faster increase in Win 7 with a real drop in WinXP
with the attendant drop in Vista.
Mac
7.3%
7.7%
7.6%
7.2%
6.7%
6.5%
6.8%
6.7%
7.1%
6.9%
7.1%
6.8%
•
•
•
•
Windows XP is the most popular operating system. The Windows family
counts for almost 90%:
2011
Win7 Vista Win2003 WinXP W2000 Linux Mac
February 32.2% 8.3% 1.0%
44.2% 0.2%
5.1% 8.1%
January
31.1% 8.6% 1.0%
45.3% 0.2%
5.0% 7.8%
•
Note the continuation of the trends.
History point in 2003
•
•
•
•
•
•
2003
November
September
July
May
March
WinXP
42.6%
38.0%
33.9%
31.4%
29.1%
W2000
36.3%
37.9%
40.6%
41.0%
41.9%
Win98
10.9%
12.1%
12.6%
13.9%
14.8%
WinNT
3.5%
4.1%
5.3%
5.8%
6.6%
Win95
0.4%
0.5%
0.6%
0.7%
0.8%
Linux
2.6%
2.4%
2.3%
2.2%
2.2%
Mac
2.2%
2.0%
1.9%
1.8%
1.8%
• Note Start up and rise in WinXP first 8 months.
• Platforms that count for less than 0.5% are not listed.
10 best alternative operating systems
The desktops with the potential to change computing
By PC Plus
•
Right now, someone, somewhere is developing the killer operating
system feature of the future - a feature that will change computing and
make us wonder how we lived without it.
•
Read more: http://www.techradar.com/news/software/operatingsystems/10-best-alternative-operating-systems-934484#ixzz1I74t0TTH
•
This Presentation will be from the slides below. The PowerPoint file is
posted on the UCHUG WebSite for use.
•
However, the person responsible probably isn't grafting away in the
labs of Microsoft, Apple or Red Hat - he or she is more likely to be
working in a bedroom or loft.
• It might seem audacious to claim that the next Windows is
cooking in some part-time coder's house, but it's nothing new.
Microsoft's OS empire started with the purchase of QDOS,
which stood for 'Quick and Dirty Operating System'. Apple
didn't create Mac OS X out of thin air, but took an open source
kernel and some BSD code (grounded in academia) to get the
foundations of its operating system working.
Into the future
•
We'll look at the best alternative operating systems, with the potential
to change the computing landscape over the next decade. There's only
one rule - no Microsoft, Apple or Linux.
•
While some of these operating systems are still relatively early in
development, the technology that they're introducing could make its
way into the next round of updates for the mainstream OSes we use.
Helpfully, you can try these projects without having to repartition your
hard drive thanks to the excellent (and free) PC virtualisation and
emulation tool available from www.virtualbox.org.
•
These OSes are all supplied as disk images - usually CD ISOs - so you
can install VirtualBox, grab the ISO and tell VirtualBox to boot from it
to try it out. You can burn the ISO files to CD-Rs and boot them on
your real PC if you want to see how they handle the bare metal.
•
Remember that mid-development releases could contain bugs.
We will start with the lowest rated OS and end up with the best from
the evaluation.
•
Each OS will have a title page with the link to its source, comments
and a page sample with final thoughts after that.
10. GNU/HURD
Fighting for microkernels
www.gnu.org/software/hurd
• The GNU project started in 1984 to create a completely free
software Unix OS. By the early '90s it had many tools finished,
but still no kernel. Linux arrived and was paired with GNU to
form what we now call Linux (also known as GNU/Linux).
• However, the GNU project has been developing a kernel called
HURD. This is based on the Mach microkernel, as used in Mac
OS X, and consists of servers running in their own address
spaces.
•
There are services for hardware drivers, filesystems, authentication
and more. These are more isolated than in a typical OS, so HURD
should - in theory - be more reliable. It will also be easier to update
and replace OS components without reboots.
9. JNode
Desktop Java to the extreme
www.jnode.org
•
•
Java's heyday on the desktop is long gone, with web-based games
and apps mostly delivered by Flash and HTML5. But there's one
project that aims to prove that Java can still hack it when it comes to
desktop computing - JNode.
Apart from a very small assembly language core, the vast majority of
the JNode operating system is written in Java. JNode's goal is to run
any Java application, although it's currently only at version 0.2.8.
•
The interface is simple, there's some decent documentation online,
and progress is being made towards 0.3. Planned future features
include lower memory consumption, wireless networking and more
hardware acceleration for video.
8. FreeVMS
Industrial strength OS
www.freevms.net
• Back in the '70s and '80s, the main competitor to Unix on bigiron hardware was VMS(See next Slide). Famed for its stability,
running on chunky fridge-like boxes called VAXes, it included
advanced clustering and security features for its time, along
with an automatic versioning file system.
• Dave Cutler, one of the designers of the VMS operating system,
went on to lead development of Windows NT, but OpenVMS
stuck around and now runs on Itanium systems.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVMS
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OpenVMS (Open Virtual Memory System), previously known as VAX-11/VMS,
VAX/VMS or (informally) VMS, is a high-end computer server operating system that
runs on VAX, Alpha and Itanium-based families of computers. Contrary to what its
name suggests, OpenVMS is not open source software; however, the source listings
are available for purchase. Unlike some other mainframe-oriented operating systems,
OpenVMS has a graphical user interface (GUI) with complete graphics support.
Digital Equipment Corporation's VAX was one of the three top-selling workstations
lines in the 1980s and 1990s. VMS had support for professional DTP and CAE
software running. AXP VMS supported OpenGL and Accelerated Graphics Port
(AGP) graphics adapters. It has also been used in education and for home hobbyist
use.
OpenVMS is a multi-user, multiprocessing virtual memory-based operating system
(OS) designed for use in time sharing, batch processing, real-time (where process
priorities can be set higher than OS kernel jobs), and transaction processing. It offers
high system availability through clustering, or the ability to distribute the system over
multiple physical machines. This allows the system to be "disaster-tolerant" against
natural disasters that may disable individual data-processing facilities. VMS also
includes a process priority system that allows for real-time processes to run
unhindered, while user processes get temporary priority "boosts" if necessary.
OpenVMS commercialized many features that are now considered standard
requirements for any high-end server operating system.
•
FreeVMS is striving to build on VMS's feature set, although unlike
many clone projects where developers can get easy access to the
original OS, VMS gurus are hard to find. FreeVMS is currently only at
version 0.4, but is still making solid progress.
7. DexOS
Mini OS with console-like GUI
www.dex4u.com
•
For a desktop operating system, we expect the usual assortment of
window furniture, panels and launchers. DexOS is a small project that
provides a more console-like approach.
•
This works in two ways: the graphical front-end is more like a video
game launcher than a traditional OS, and programmers can easily
access the bare metal for maximum performance. It's an intriguing
concept, and the take up of Android and iOS in the last couple of years
has shown that traditional desktop computing metaphors are starting
to look long in the tooth.
•
DexOS demonstrates what a bunch of part time hobbyist coders can
achieve, without lots of funding or commercial backing.
6. Inferno
Sharing, everywhere
www.vitanuova.com/inferno/
•
Inferno has been doing the rounds for almost a decade, and in some
respects it's still way ahead of other OSes. Inferno is built to be a
distributed OS - it's designed to share resources across machines.
•
Using a protocol called Styx, systems running Inferno can share
hardware and networking devices with one another seamlessly. For
instance, an application on Inferno box A is able to access the hard
drive of Inferno box B without knowing it's actually on a remote
machine.
•
Inferno applications are written in a language called Limbo, which is
compiled down to code for a virtual machine called Dis, so they're
portable across the various architectures Inferno supports.
5. KolibriOS
The fastest GUI OS in existence?
www.kolibrios.org
•
Operating systems used to be written in assembly language, but you'd
be hard pressed to find much in the source tree of a modern OS. It's
true that programming in assembly is hard work, but it can often lead
to results that a typical compiler can't compete with.
• KolibriOS, a fork of MenuetOS, is written entirely in assembly,
and it shows - it's tiny (4.9MB for the ISO) and ridiculously fast
(booting in a couple of seconds). Despite this, it includes a web
browser, mail client, games, desktop utilities, impressive
demos and more, all running at light speed.
• They're nowhere near as feature-packed as their Windows
counterparts, but they underline how much bloat and
wastefulness we're now used to.
4. OpenBSD
Security before style
www.openbsd.org
•
•
•
Security is OpenBSD's mantra. Unlike other operating systems, which
consider security a feature like performance or prettiness, the
OpenBSD team won't add any code unless it's sure that it's completely
free of security holes.
It audits parts of the codebase for vulnerabilities, and have made
modifications to the standard C libraries to prevent buffer overruns
and other problems.
•
OpenBSD was the first non-research OS to integrate many features we
now take for granted, including address space layout randomisation,
which puts libraries and memory sections in random locations in
RAM, so crackers can't assume their location.
3. AROS
Something for Amiga lovers
http://aros.sourceforge.net
•
You may have fond memories of the Amiga. The dazzling graphics and
crisp sound (when PCs were faffing around with text mode and
beeps), the super-fast multi-tasking, and the, er, lack of protected
memory…
•
Well, forget that last one. It was one of the best-loved computers of all
time, and it still has many fans today.
•
AROS - the Amiga Research Operating System - is intensely fast.
Blisteringly so. It apes the Amiga design, both superficially and with
its inner workings, and is designed to be source compatible with
AmigaOS 3.1 (software written for the old Amiga OS should only need
a recompile to work).
•
AROS has great potential as a light and fast OS for low-end netbooks
and tablets.
2. ReactOS
Open source Windows clone that could save businesses a fortune
www.reactos.org
•
If you've dabbled in Linux, you may have heard of WINE, a
compatibility layer that lets certain Windows programs run on Linux.
Effectively, it intercepts calls to the Windows API, replacing them with
Linux equivalents. It includes its own batch of DLLs, but it can use
native Windows DLLs too for improved software compatibility.
•
WINE's compatibility ranges from superb to terrible, with the focus on
triple-A applications such as Microsoft Office and Photoshop.
Generally, older applications work better, and anything that doesn't
poke around in the undocumented internals of Windows has a chance
of running.
•
However, WINE mixes up the Windows and Unix approaches to
operating systems, with the end result being a pretty ugly mess. It also
can't use Windows drivers.
•
•
•
ReactOS aims to fix all this. Instead of being a layer on top of another
OS, ReactOS is a completely standalone project, bootable from an
install or live CD. It does use WINE DLLs, but it has its own bootloader,
kernel and other low-level facilities that should - in theory - make it
compatible with Windows drivers.
ReactOS aims to be an open source, drop-in replacement for
Windows. This gives it potential to radically shake up the market.
ReactOS, a Windows clone, could one day be the next Windows - at
least, for a good chunk of people. That sounds outrageous, but the
vast majority of Windows boxes run a very small range of programs:
IE or Firefox, MS Office and a couple of games, with a bit of Photoshop
or Dreamweaver.
•
ReactOS doesn't have to run 50,000 Windows applications adequately;
it just needs to run the top 10 well. Imagine you're a netbook
manufacturer in a crowded market, and you want to get your prices
down as low as possible. Instead of paying licenses to Microsoft for
Windows, you could install ReactOS on your machines for free, put a
list of ticks on the box saying 'Runs Microsoft Office, Internet Explorer,
Photoshop and World of Warcraft' and save a lot of money.
•
Or imagine that you're a business with 5,000 Windows PCs that need
upgrading because XP is end of life. Instead of buying 5,000 Windows
7 licenses, you could drop ReactOS any PCs that just run Office and
Outlook.
•
These scenarios are still a while off: ReactOS is only at version 0.3.12,
having been developed since the late '90s, and there's still a lot of
work to be done. But compatibility is improving and you can see the
status of your favourite programs at www.reactos.org/compat.
1.
Haiku
The lightning-fast BeOS lives on in the speedy, simple Haiku
www.haiku-os.org
•
And so we come to the number one project - the OS most likely
to be the next big desktop hit. Why have we chosen Haiku for this
slot?
•
Firstly, it intends to simply recreate an existing operating system,
BeOS, but as open source. There's no room for changes of direction,
random new features or endless arguments on mailing lists about
trivial design decisions.
•
Secondly, the developers are passionate about their work - they love
BeOS.
•
Thirdly, a great deal of attention has been paid to presentation,
documentation and the other bits developers often ignore because
they'd rather be hacking code.
•
If you were active in the PC world in the late 1990s, you may remember
BeOS. Designed for the PowerPC, it was ported to the x86 PC
architecture, offering a unique experience that was designed from the
ground-up for desktop computing.
•
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BeOS demos typically showed several spinning OpenGL teapots
running flawlessly on screen as multiple MP3s played in the
background. In the days of Windows 9x and Mac OS 8/9, BeOS's
stellar performance, simplicity and lack of historical baggage won it an
army of hardcore fans.
Its file system supported attributes for storing metadata, with features
making it rather like a database.
However, from a commercial perspective, BeOS suffered greatly. Be
Inc, the OS's makers, found it very hard to break into the Windowsdominated PC market. Ultimately, Be Inc sued Microsoft for allegedly
preventing PC makers from selling BeOS machines; Microsoft never
admitted guilt, but settled out of court for $23 million. However, by this
point it was too late for BeOS to gain a serious foothold in the market.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeOS
Extensive Wikipedia Links below
•
•
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BeOS is an operating system for personal computers which began development by
Be Inc. in 1991. It was first written to run on BeBox hardware. BeOS was optimized
for digital media work and was written to take advantage of modern hardware
facilities such as symmetric multiprocessing by utilizing modular I/O bandwidth,
pervasive multithreading, preemptive multitasking and a custom 64-bit journaling file
system known as BFS. The BeOS GUI was developed on the principles of clarity and
a clean, uncluttered design. It used Unicode as the default encoding in the GUI, yet
support for input methods, such as bidirectional input was never realized. The API
was written in C++ for ease of programming. It has partial POSIX compatibility and
access to a command-line interface through Bash, although internally it is not a Unixderived operating system.
BeOS was positioned as a multimedia platform which could be used by a substantial
population of desktop users and a competitor to Mac OS and Microsoft Windows.
However, it was ultimately unable to achieve a significant market share and proved
commercially unviable for Be Inc. The company was acquired by Palm Inc. and today
BeOS is mainly used and developed by a small population of enthusiasts.
The open-source OS Haiku is designed to start up where BeOS left off. Alpha 2 of
Haiku was released in May 2010.
•
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•
•
Haiku, formerly known as OpenBeOS, began life in 2001 and is now
capable of running many older BeOS programs (along with newer
ports like Firefox). It retains the clean, modern architecture and
desktop design of BeOS, but with added support for more recent
hardware devices.
The developers are huge BeOS fans - they stuck by the OS in hard
times and still champion its strengths today. They've also put a lot of
effort into making the website look smart and ensuring the
documentation is thorough.
Haiku offers a chance to bring speed, simplicity and enjoyment back
to computing. It's a system designed purely as a modern, graphical
desktop operating system without carrying sacks of historical
baggage.
•
Comments on the article.
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linuxsandbox
March 14th
1. I happened upon Beos in '98 and was stunned at it's performance on my
celeron 400 with 64mb ram. Till date i still feel it's the best OS i've ever
used. I'm still mad at microsoft for denying the world the opportunity to use
an excellent product.
•
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losethos
March 14th
2. How could you not list LoseThos? Google search "64-bit operating system" and what's
the first altewrnative OS you see?
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tzimisce
March 14th
3. I
I do agree with linuxsandbox about Beos, so far as i tested it haiku does feel
very nice.
reactos is quite a piece of joke, don't missinterpret me it can be something
usefull one day but right now it's too way bugy and alpha.
Aros, my favorite one, i came from Amiga world so can't help it, Aros isn't only
lightweight but very portable, runing on x86 (32 & 64bits), ppc, arm, m68k (can
run Amiga binary on m68k)
well to conclude i must say, for once it's nice to read an article about
alternatives OS that don't just speak about Linux Distros :)
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Solidwood
March 15th
4. I am surprised that QNX is not on the list. It's been around since the late
70's, and is a real-time microkernel OS. It is the best combination of fast and
complete that you can buy, but it's not free.
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johnkurtz
March 17th
5. Can any of these operating systems properly make use of multi-core
processors?
Thanks!
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losethos
March 17th
6. LoseThos supports multicore.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_operating_systems
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_Systems
•
List of operating systems is expanded below.
•
•
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Operating systems can be categorized by technology, ownership, licensing,
working state, usage, and by many other characteristics. In practice, many
of these groupings may overlap.
Extract from listing on Wikipedia Site
•
1 Proprietary
– 1.1 Acorn Computers
– 1.2 Amiga Inc.
– 1.3 Apollo Computer
– 1.4 Apple Inc.
– 1.5 Atari
– 1.6 BAE Systems
– 1.7 Be Inc.
– 1.8 Bull SAS
– 1.9 Burroughs Corporation
– 1.10 Control Data Corporation
– 1.11 Convergent Technologies
– 1.12 Data General
– 1.13 DataPoint
– 1.14 DDC-I, Inc.
– 1.15 Digital Research Inc
–
Plus about 60 more with links
•
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•
•
Be Inc.
BeOS
– BeIA
– BeOS r5.1d0
• magnussoft ZETA (based on BeOS r5.1d0 source code, developed
by yellowTAB)
Blue Eyed OS
Cosmoe
• NOTE: The items on the Wikipedia pages all have
links to the details of each system. Below is the Link
for BeOS above.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeOS
•
BeOS is an operating system for personal computers which began
development by Be Inc. in 1991. It was first written to run on BeBox
hardware. BeOS was optimized for digital media work and was written
to take advantage of modern hardware facilities such as symmetric
multiprocessing by utilizing modular I/O bandwidth, pervasive
multithreading, preemptive multitasking and a custom 64-bit
journaling file system known as BFS. The BeOS GUI was developed on
the principles of clarity and a clean, uncluttered design. It used
Unicode as the default encoding in the GUI, yet support for input
methods, such as bidirectional input was never realized. The API was
written in C++ for ease of programming. It has partial POSIX
compatibility and access to a command-line interface through Bash,
although internally it is not a Unix-derived operating system.
•
BeOS was positioned as a multimedia platform which could be used
by a substantial population of desktop users and a competitor to Mac
OS and Microsoft Windows. However, it was ultimately unable to
achieve a significant market share and proved commercially unviable
for Be Inc. The company was acquired by Palm Inc. and today BeOS is
mainly used and developed by a small population of enthusiasts.
•
The open-source OS Haiku is designed to start up where BeOS left off.
Alpha 2 of Haiku was released in May 2010.[1]
•
The below listing shows the depth of information on this page for just
the BeOS.
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History
1.1 Continuation
1.2 Version history
2 Projects to recreate BeOS
3 Projects to continue BeOS
4 Products using BeOS
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Google Search for “top 10 operating systems list”
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If some network admin/Linux expert posts his Top 10 list, ... Linux Operating Systems: list,
Retriever, Linux - Newbie, 8, 01-10-2006 05:32 ...
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