Transcript feudalism
• Label on the map: – England – France – Spain – Germany – Italy – Greece – Turkey – Mediterranean Sea – Black Sea – Baltic Sea – Atlantic Ocean – Scandinavia Agenda 1. 2. 3. 4. Europe After Rome The Church Holy Roman Empire Feudalism Objectives Students will be able to… 59. Explain how the fall of Rome and the authority of the Church shaped the early Middle Ages. 60. Describe the creation of the Holy Roman Empire. 61. Analyze the feudal system. Europe After Rome Objective #59 The Fall of Rome • Rome united Europe for the first (and only) time • Fall of Rome caused many changes –Decline of central authority –Decline of cities –Decline of learning • But not in Eastern Europe. Why not? Decline of Central Authority • Why? –Empire destroyed –Lots of invasions –Germanic tribes were loyal to individual leaders Decline of Central Authority • So what? –Benefits of empire are lost • Education • Security • Economy • Trade Decline of Cities • Why? –No jobs –No food trade –Centers of people and wealth are not safe Decline of Cities • So what? –Population shifted to rural areas –People become dispersed –“Progress” stalls Decline of Learning • Why? –Germanic tribes have no written language –People focus on farming –People are disconnected Decline of Learning • So what? –Knowledge of Greek lost –Latin changes –“Progress” stalls The Dark Ages The Church in the Middle Ages: The exception that proves the rule Church Power Grows • People turn away from the secular • Local priests much closer than distant kings • Missionaries convert the Germans –Teach them writing Smart Monks • Monasteries (places where monks live) preserve learning –No one else could read –No one else had time –Mostly translation, few new advances –Also translated Arabic works • Eventually create Europe’s universities The Manor • Economic arrangement between lords and peasants –Peasants provide labor and a portion of produce –Lord provides land, protection, and resources (like a mill) • Self-sufficient system • Rigid class structure Objective #60 The Holy Roman Empire A Frankish Dynasty • Franks were one of the Germanic tribes • Clovis converted to Christianity • Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) –Unites the Franks –Wins an important battle • Battle of Tours • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztoNqerMrd8 Charlemagne • Charles the Hammer’s grandson • Expands the Frankish Empire –Largest empire in Europe since Rome –Reunited Western Europe Coronation • Charlemagne saves the pope from a mob in Rome • Pope crowns him as Holy Roman Emperor – Powerful political force (both him, and the church!) Charlemagne • Enforces the law (good at running his empire) • Spreads Christianity • Revived learning • Builds roads, schools, churches, etc. Charlemagne’s Legacy • Son: Louis the Pious –“an ineffective ruler” • Three grandsons –Fight amongst themselves –Divide into three kingdoms –Central authority declines again – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djctvp_pC4o Treaty of Verdun, 843 A Contradiction • The Holy Roman Empire is not… –Holy –Roman –An Empire Invaders Invaders • Muslims • Magyars –Come from central Asia –Settle in Hungary • Vikings –From Scandinavia –Settle in Russia and England (Angles and Saxons) Effects of Invaders • Strengthen feudalism –Really need those knights –Manor walls are helpful • Disrupts trade Objective #61 Feudalism Political Organization • No strong central government, so no strong army • But many invaders, so they need one • Invent a new type of government: feudalism –A social/governmental structure based on loyalty and land Feudalism Terms • • • • • Lord Serf Fief Vassal Manor Feudalism The King needs an army • Here is the king’s land The King’s Land Feudalism • The King, in need of an army, offers land in exchange for military service • The King owns the land, but the knight can use it as he sees fit as long as he maintains his oath to the king The King’s Land Vassal Vassal Vassal Vassal Feudalism • The King now has several vassals who control some of his land, but also has an army of knights to defend the entire territory