Transcript Europe in the Middle Ages

Europe in the Middle Ages
Chapter 10
Europe in the Middle Ages
can be categorized by 3 trends:
the spread of civilization to all of Europe
the spread of Christianity
growing contact with other civilizations in Asia, Africa
& the Middle East
Politics
The Manorial System
Manorial system in place
from the fall of Rome to the
10th century
“Manorialism was the
system of economic and
political relations between
landlords and their peasant
laborers.”
Landlords own selfsufficient estate or manor,
run on agriculture.
Three-field & iron
moldboard system made life
easier—produced more food
Three-field System
Serfs on a Manor
Serfs worked on the manors
Received protection and small amount of land
Worked on lord’s fields, paid taxes to lord
Could not leave the lord’s land
Serfs had to pay a portion of their own crops to
landlord to:
graze their livestock in his fields
mill their grain in his mill
Also had to work on lord’s castle a certain number of
days a year
Serfs not slaves
Couldn’t be bought or sold
Owned their house & land
Could pass on their items to their children
The Church
Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV with
Antipope Clement III
Some Church leaders
sought secular power.
Pope Gregory VII and
reform
priests to be unmarried
Holy Roman Emperor
Henry IV and
investiture
Some secular leaders
sought power over the
Church.
The Inquisition
Feudal Monarchies
Growing territory under one
feudal lord
Feudalism as a replacement
for bureaucracy
Prevention of a strong
emperor / central
government
Feudal alliances in France for
the Capetian family
Rulers gradually developed a
bureaucracy, hiring business
people to staff it.
Coronation of the Capetian king Philip II in
France
Limited Government
Lack of central authority in
Germany and Italy (Holy Roman
Empire)
Church role in limited government
Feudal lords challenge growing
power of monarchies
Magna Carta in England
Creation of parliaments
Parliaments represent the 3 estates
No concept of citizenship or
democracy
Monarchs growing power and the
idea of a nation
Hundred Years’ War
King John signs the Magna Carta,
surrounded by Feudal lords
Economics
Economic Development &
The Rise of Cities
a medieval university in Paris
New agricultural techniques
& technology
iron moldboard plow
three-field system
horse collar
End of Viking raids
Population growth forces
people to find new ways to
make money
Loosening of serfdom
Foreign food
Education in cities
Strains in Rural Life
Improvements to agriculture
means improvements to the lives
of serfs and peasants.
Nobles kept working in the
military and in agriculture—but
wanted to make more money like
the merchants.
Lords taxed serfs and peasants
more, causing them to be angry
and revolt.
More complex society = more
social strains
On the whole: serfs & peasants
had greater freedom.
a peasant revolt in England in the 14th
century
Growth of Trade & Banking
Cities allowed for specialized
manufacturing and
commercial activities, which
then promoted more trade.
Rise of banking & increased
money use
Trade with other parts of the
world
Development of commercial
alliances
medieval banking
Hanseatic League in northern
Germany and Scandanavia
Investment in international
trade
Guilds
Guilds are a group
of people in the
same business or
trade in a single city.
Artisan guilds
Merchant guilds
Religion
Religious Reform
Pope Gregory VII
St. Clare of Assisi
Great Schism
Avignon vs. Rome
Jan (John) Hus
Jan Hus
Faith & Reason in Theology
Preserving ancient knowledge
St. Augustine
Aristotle
How to combine these two
traditions?
Advances in theology and
philosophy
logic to prove God’s existence
Opposition to rationalist thought
Bernard of Clairvaux and the
mystical union with God
New knowledge imported from
other cultures
Thomas Aquinas
scholasticism
Popular Religion
Most people illiterate—
relied on rituals and
religious art
Popular religious
devotion
Devotion to Mary
Veneration of the
saints
Leftover Pagan beliefs
sometimes mixed with
Christian beliefs
a medieval Madonna painting
Religion in Art & Literature
Art reflects popular view of
religion
Art & architecture intended to
serve the glory of God
Romanesque to Gothic design
Literature in Latin and
vernacular
Beowulf
Canterbury Tales
Rogier van der Weyden
Bladelin Triptych
Society
The Rise of the Middle Class
Cities allow for a new class
to emerge: not peasants but
not nobles
Middle-class makes its
money by buying & selling
goods (merchants)
Middle-class able to become
more educated in cities
medieval merchants
The Role of Women
spiritual equality of men
and women under
Christianity
women’s impact on
theology
Urban women worked with
their merchant husbands
Craft guilds forbade
women
The Moneylender and His Wife by
Quentin Matsys
References
Pictures
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University of Calgary, 1997. Web. 11 March 2014.
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“The Black Death”. Shoeing in the Middle Ages. Word Press, 11 June 2012. Web. 11 March 2014.
“Illuminating Fashion: Dress in the Art of Medieval France and the Netherlands – new
exhibition at The Morgan Library and Museum” Medievalists.net Wordpress, 21 May 2011. Web.
12 March 2013.
“Banking Medieval Style.” Paradoxplace. Paradoxplace.com. Web. 12 March 2014.
"1902 Coat of Arms of Guilsd I. Weaver.” CabinetOfTreasures. Etsy. Web. 12 March 2014.
The Great Schism (1378-1415). “Seven Historical Events that Prepared the Way for the
Reformation”. Credo House Ministries. Parchment and Pen. 26 Nov 2012. Web. 13 March 2014.
“St Thomas Acquinas”. Monastary Icons. Monastary Icons. 2014. Web. 13 March 2014.
Rogier van der Weyden, Bladelin Triptych. “Jan Van Eyck's Arnolfini "Wedding" Portrait”. Suny
Oneonta. Oneonta.edu. Web. 13 March 2014.
Fabien1309. “Cathedrale vue de montjuzet detail". Wikimedia. 26 April 2006. Web. 13 March
2014.
“Rise of the Medieval City”. Webquest.org Pacific.edu. 9. Oct 2005. Web. 14 March 2014.
Information
Stearns, Peter N. et al. “A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe.” World Civilizations: The
Global Experience. Pearson Education, New York: 2006. Print. p. 213-236.