Transcript Star/Sun/Spectral Analysis - ppt

Star
A ________________
is a huge mass made of very hot gases
(____________________
Hydrogen
and ____________________)
Helium
which
produces energy through ________
process, and
Nuclear ___________
Fusion
then emits such energy in the form of radiation
What is the closest star to Earth?
SUN
Proxima Centauri is the next closest at 4.2
light years away
What is the sun made of?
Hydrogen
73% ___________________
Helium
25%____________________
Is it a big star?
No, it is an average (medium) size star
CORONA
CORE
RADIATIVE
CONVECTIVE
CHROMOSPHERE
The Sun’s Interior
Core:
__________
has a
tremendously high
temperature and pressure.
The temperature is roughly
15 million °C. Here is where
nuclear fusion occurs,
turning four hydrogen nuclei
into a single helium nucleus
plus a LOT of energy.
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/sun/Solar_interior/Sun_layers/Convection_zone/sun_conv_big_jpg_image.html
The Sun’s Interior
Radiative Zone:
_____________________emits
radiation. that spreads
outwards. The temperature
ranges from 15 million °C to
one million °C. It may take
photons of radiation millions of
years to pass through the
radiative zone, as they
gradually make their way out
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/sun/Solar_interior/Sun_layers/Convection_zone/sun_conv_big_jpg_image.html
The Sun’s Interior
Convective Zone:
____________________
the
photons continue to travel
outwards via convection
(towards lower temperature
and pressure). The temperature
ranges from one million °C to
6,000 °C.
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/sun/Solar_interior/Sun_layers/Convection_zone/sun_conv_big_jpg_image.html
Outer Layers of the Sun
Photosphere
Chromosphere
Corona
Photosphere
________________:
Surface of the sun (lower atmosphere)
• Consists of a layer of glowing gas (300 miles thick)
which radiates most of the _____________
we see.
light
• The temperature is about 5,500 °C
• It has a thick grainy texture consisting of numerous,
granules
relatively small, bright markings called ____________.
____________
Sunspots
are
cool, dark spots on the
surface. They are
much bigger than the
Earth. They occur in a
11-year cycles.
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/sun/sunspots.shtml
________________
Chromosphere is the layer above the photosphere.
•It is a very thin layer that appears reddish in color
• Temperatures ranging from 6,000 °C (at lower altitudes) to
50,000 °C (at higher altitudes).
•This layer is a few thousand miles thick.
Corona
________________
is the layer above the chromosphere.
•The corona extends for
millions of miles
•Temperatures are
tremendous,
reaching one
million °C.
http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~soper/Sun/chromosphere.html
Solar flare
_______________
is a magnetic storm which includes a
sudden, rapid, and intense variation in brightness. Radiation
is emitted across almost the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
_______________________
Solar Prominence
is an arc of gas that erupts
from the surface of the Sun. They form magnetic loops
that hold relatively cool, dense gas suspended above the
surface of the Sun.
Solar Wind
The top of the corona is constantly flowing into
space, where it becomes _________
Solar ____________.
wind
How do we know what elements
are in the sun and other stars?
By using spectroscopy
Spectroscopy
______________:
the study of the spectrum of
luminous beams and began back in the 19th century.
• Separates various components of beams of
light, different wavelength
• Figures out the chemical composition of stars
• Spectrum shows absorption lines (absorbs that wavelength of
light)
• These lines show what elements are in the stars
(spectral types).
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/