Transcript Ch 12 13 slides

1. What is Feudalism and how did it
impact the societies of Europe and
Japan?
2. Analyze the role of the Catholic
Church in Medieval society.
 decline
of Roman
Empire brought era of
European history called
Middle Ages 500-1500
CE
Ancient
History
Beginning500AD (CE)
Middle Ages
500-1500
Modern
History
1500Ad (CE)present
I.
Invasions Trigger Changes in Western
Europe

By end of 5th century Germanic invaders
overran western half of Roman Empire
constant invasions altered gov’t, economy,
and culture in 5 ways:

1. Disruption of Trade: Businesses collapsed,
money became scarce
2. Downfall of Cities: Cities abandoned as
centers of administration
3. Population Shifts: Nobles retreated to rural
areas, cities left w/o strong leaders
RP- Revolution
Intro
4. Decline of Learning
 Germanic invaders illiterate
 level of learning decreased greatly as
Romans fled cities- Roman culture almost
lost
5. Loss of a Common Language
 German ppls mix w/ Romans= Latin
changes
 Different dialects developed
 By 800’s French, Spanish, other Roman
based languages developed
 separate languages continued break up of
Roman Empire
II. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
 B/w 400- 600 Germanic kingdoms
replaced Roman provinces
 Catholic Church survived, helped provide
order and security
A. The Concept of Government Changes
 Rome had written laws but Germanic
societies governed by unwritten
rules/traditions
 Germanic chiefs led warriors who pledged
loyalty to their chief= loyalty towards
leaders made it impossible to estb. orderly
gov’t
B. The Franks Under Clovis
 Clovis- leader of a Germanic ppl, Franks
 496 Clovis led warriors into battle- asked
Christian God for help
 After winning battle Clovis and 3,000 of
his soldiers baptized
 Catholic Church welcomed Clovis,
supported his campaigns
 unified Franks under one kingdom

Look at the picture and
write down 3 observations
about it- both physical
observations and what
they represent
III. Germanic Peoples Adopt Christianity
 Politics and Missionaries played an
important role in spreading Christianity
among Germanic ppl
A. Monasteries and Convents
 To adapt to rural conditions, Church built
monasteries
 run by Monks- gave up all private
possessions, became servants of God
(Women called Nuns, lived in convents)
 Benedict, an Italian monk, wrote book
describing rules for monasteries
 His sister, Scholastica made rules for nuns
 Monks opened schools, maintained
libraries, copied books
B. Gregory I Expands Papal Power
 590 Gregory I became pope, broadened
authority of pope
 papacy became secular (worldly) became
involved in politics
 used church to raise armies, repair roads, help
poor, negotiate peace treaties
 Made region from Italy to England Pope’s
responsibility
IV. A European Empire Evolves
A. Charles Martel Emerges
 719
Charles Martel extended Franks’
rule north
 Battle of Tours- defeated Muslim raidwhat if they lost???
 Martel’s victory made him a Christian
hero and stopped Muslim invasions
 Martel
passed power to his son Pepin the
Short.
 had to fight Lombards invading central
Italy
 Pope gave Pepin title “king by the grace
of God”, began Carolingian Dynasty- 1st
stable gov’t in France since Roman
Empire
B. Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule
 Pepin left throne to his 2 sons
Carloman and Charles
 Charles, known as “Charles the
Great”, or Charlemagne took
control of whole kingdom
V. Charlemagne Takes Center Stage
 built empire greater than any since Rome
 became most powerful king in Western
Europe
 800- crushed a mob who attacked
pope= Pope Leo III crowned him emperor
 signaled joining of Germanic power,
Church, and heritage of Roman Empire
A. Charlemagne’s Government
 limited power of nobles
 regularly visited every part of kingdom
 judged cases, settled disputes, and
rewarded faithful followers
B. Cultural Revival
 Charlemagne encouraged learning
 surrounded himself w/ English,
German, Italian, Spanish Scholars
C. Charlemagne’s Heirs Are Weak Rulers
 Charlemagne left throne to son, Louis
the Pious- very religious man
 Louis left empire to his 3 sons Lothair,
Charles the Bald, and Louis the German
 fought for control eventually signed
Treaty of Verdun- divided empire into 3
kingdoms
 power quickly lost and a new system of
governing developed called Feudalism
Charles Martel
Charles the
Great/
Charlemagne
Charles Martel
Pepin the
Short
Carloman
Charles the
Great/
Charlemagne
Louis the Pious
Lothair
Charles the
Bald
Louis the
German
o New Invasions Trouble
Western Europe
o 800 -1000 CE
invasions completely
destroyed Carolingian
Empire



Vikings of Scandinavia,
also called Northmen
or Norsemen
Worshipped a variety
of warlike gods: Thor,
Odin, Loki
Attacked fast, often
leaving before troops
could arrive to fight
back




Vikings were also
renowned traders, farmers,
explorers
1000CE- Leif Ericson
reached North America
(500 years before
Columbus)
Over time, they started to
accept Christianity and
Scandinavian climate
improved for farming.
This resulted in an end to
stopped looting small
villages and monasteries
B. Magyars and Muslims
 Viking invasions declined, Europe became
target of the Magyars- Turkish nomadic group
 800’s- invaded Europe from east, did not
settle lands, captured ppl to sell as slaves
 Muslims attacked from south, disrupted trade
along Mediterranean
 invasions of Vikings, Magyars, Muslims caused
widespread disorder and suffering
 central authority seemed powerless- ppl
began looking to local rulers w/ their own
armies
II. Feudalism Structures Society
A. A New Social Order

Feudalism- a military and political
system based on land ownership and
personal loyalty

feudal system one of mutual obligations

In exchange for military services a lord,
or landowner, granted land called a fief

person receiving land called a vassal
B. The Feudal Pyramid
 top was a king
 Next powerful vassals (nobles & bishops)
 Then knights
 At bottom were serfs- landless peasants
who worked land
C. Social Classes Are Well Defined
 Status determined person’s prestige, power
 ppl put in 3 groups by medieval writers
› Those who fought (knights and nobles)
› Those who prayed (men/women of the
Church)
› Those who worked the land
 A vast majority of ppl were peasants
 Most were serfs, ppl who could not lawfully leave
the place where they were born- bound to land
III. Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism

manor was lord’s estate, basic economic
system

Land lord provide serfs or free peasants
w/ land, housing, protection

Serfs tend lord’s fields, watch his animals,
maintain the estate- Also owed lord a
few days work during the week and
portion of their grain
A. A Self-Contained World
 Peasants rarely traveled more than 25 miles from
manor
 manor consisted of lord’s house, a church and
workshops- usually 15- 30 families lived in village
on a manor
 manor was a self sufficient community; serfs and
peasants raised or produced nearly everything
they and their lord would need for daily life
 only outside purchases were salt, iron, and
unusual objects like millstones
B. The Harshness of Manor Life
 Peasants paid a high price for living on a lord’s
land- paid tax on all grain, marriage, also paid a
tithe- a church tax
 Marriages were approved by the land lord
 Serfs, peasants lived in crowded cottages
consisting of two rooms
 allowed pigs into their homes, slept on hay stacks
that crawled with insects
 Despite their hardships they believed God
determined their place in society
C. Impact of Feudalism on European Society
1. Gave security and order to a chaotic time
2. Increased Catholic Church’s power and
influence enormously
3. Developed an isolated society (manor life vs.
city life)
4. Lack of available edu, little to no travel
5. Lowered standard of living for majority (serfs)
 During
the Middle
Ages nobles constantly
fought one another.
 Led
to a new type of
behavior that was
based on high ideals
I. Knights: Warriors on Horseback
 Soldiers mounted on horseback
were noticed to be very valuable by
Charles Martel
 Martel began to organize armored
horsemen, or knights
A. The Technology of Warfare
 Saddles, stirrups change warfare in
Europe during the 700s
 saddle keeps warrior firmly seated on
moving horse
 Stirrups enabled him to ride and handle
heavier weapons
 slowly knights became most important
part of the lords’ army
B. The Warrior’s Role in Feudal Society
 Lords began raising private armies of
knights to defend their territories
 In exchange knights were granted large
amounts of land
 Knights devoted their life to war, serving
about 40 days a year
 When not fighting they would train by
wrestling and hunting
II. Knighthood and the Code of Chivalry

Knights expected to display courage in battle
and loyalty to their lord

code of chivalry developed- complex set of
ideals governing behavior

Knights bravely fought in defense of 3 masters:
 Earthly feudal lord
 Heavenly lord
 Chosen lady

Ideal knight was loyal, brave, courteous

However, they were very cruel to lower class
A. A Knights Training
 Must be son of a noble
 Started training at age 7 as a page- waited on
others, practiced fighting skills
 At 14- squire, servant to a knight
 At 21- became a knight
 After being dubbed a knight he would fight in
local wars and participate in tournaments for a
couple of years
Brutal Reality of Warfare
 Violence of tournaments was no comparison to
actual battles
 Especially those fought around castles
 Defending a castle often included pouring
boiling water or oil on those below. Archers
were stationed on top of castle
B. Literature of Chivalry
 literature glorified knighthood and castle life
 Feudal Lords and their ladies enjoyed different
types of literature including epic poems about
heroes, love poems/songs about knights and
their ladies
 Troubadours- traveling poet-musicians at castles
and courts in Europe

Play A’Soulin audio clip
C. Women’s Role in Feudal society
 most women in feudal society were powerless
and thought to be inferior to men
 but women played important roles in both
noble and peasant families
 noblewomen could inherit estate, send knights
to war, and sometimes even defended the
castle during attack
 daily life of noblewomen limited, spent time in
house, church, w/ tutors
 peasant women uneducated, worked in house,
fields, bore children, raised families


The knights’ code of
chivalry demanded
that knights fight
bravely, serve their
lords, and protect the
weak.
You will create a
modern code of
chivalry




What must modern day
men and women do in
order to be considered
loyal, brave, and
courteous?
Identify 5 specific areas in
which improvements in
manners are needed in
society
Make at least 5 codes to
address these issues
Prepare to present the
information to make a
classroom code of chivalry
You will create a “Coat of Arms” for your
family.
 Be sure to follow the directions given in
class.

I. The Scope of Church Authority
› Disagreements b/w church and state
often occurred during Middle Ages
› Church/gov’t constantly competing for
power
VS.
A. Church Structure
› Church ranks of clergy-church officials
› Pope →bishops → priests
› Bishops supervise priests and settle disputes
over Church teachings/religious practices
› For most ppl, priests were their only contact
w/ the church
B. Religion as a Unifying Force
› During turmoil Church served as a stable force
› Medieval life harsh, Christianity allowed
everyone a path to salvation
› Important sacraments- religious ceremoniesperformed to allow ppl to reach salvation
(baptism, confirmation…)
› Church also served as social center for ppl
C. Church Justice
› medieval Christian kings & peasants
had to follow cannon law- law of the
Church
› Church estb. courts to try those
accused of violating lawPunishments included:
› excommunication- banishment
› Interdict- prohibiting religious services
in King’s land- would be used if an
excommunicated king continued to
disobey the Church
II. The Church and the Holy Roman Empire
A. Otto I Allies with the Church

Otto, German king, formed close
alliance w/ Church
› built his power by gaining support of
clergy
› Otto invaded Italy for the pope,
rewarded by being crowned emperor
C. Signs of Future Conflicts
› Holy Roman Empire- German-Italian
Empire Otto created
› German leaders later became very
powerful, Italian nobles and popes feared
German emperors
III. Holy Roman Emperor Clashes w/ Pope
› Otto and later emperors used lay
investiture- kings/nobles appoint clergy
› 1075 Pope Gregory VII banned lay
investiture- why?
› led to a dispute b/w Pope Gregory
and German king, Henry IV
› King Henry, told Gregory to resign- Gregory
excommunicated King
› Henry later asked forgiveness from Pope
› Pope obligated to forgive any sinner who
begs humbly
A. Concordat of Worms
› Gregory’s and Henry’s successors
continued to fight over lay investiture
› 1122 - Concordat of Worms, compromise
in which Church alone could grant a
bishop power

Which aspect of Medieval society is
each clip making fun of?
Clip 1- Holy Hand Grenade (2:18)
 Clip 2- Bridge of Death (3:17)
 Clip 3- Dennis the Peasant (3:11)

CCMongols
1.
Who were the Mongols and what
impact did they have on China
and the Mediterranean World?


Following the
collapse of the Han
dynasty in 220, China
entered a period of
local ruling dynasties
for nearly 350 years.
The Tang dynasty
unites the territories
and begins many
public works
programs



Rebuilt the Great
Wall of China
Creation of the
Grand Canal to
connect two major
rivers for trade.
People became
resentful of high
taxes and over
worked on projects
and revolt.


Another period of
local warlords results.
A new group takes
power, the Song
dynasty and
maintains a stable,
prosperous empire
until the arrival of
Mongol Invaders.
(960-1279)


Reformation of the
civil service that
resulted in an well
educated ScholarOfficials in
government.
Creation of Movable
Type for printing
entire pages of
books at once

China begins
growing faster
ripening rice that is
found in Vietnam
› Helps to feed a
population of over
100 Million
Increased trading of
silk to the West.


Invention of the
clock, paper money,
and the use of the
magnetic compass
for sailing.
Advancements in
gunpowder
applications to
create bombs, small
rockets and canons.
I. The Rise of the Mongols
›
for centuries Mongols roamed eastern
Asia in loosely organized clans
›
1206 Genghis Khan, or “universal ruler”
able to organize clans under a single
ruler- himself
›
next 21 years, Genghis Khan led Mongols
in a brutal conquest of all of Asia
›
“In the countries that have not yet been overrun
by them (Mongols), everyone
spends the night afraid that
they may appear there too.”
II. The Mongol Empire
›
1227 Genghis Khan died of illness, his
successors continued to expand empire
›
Created largest unified land empire in history
›
Many conquered lands destroyed and
would not recover
›
Mongols tolerant, rarely imposing their beliefs
on conquered Chinese
›
Under Mongol rule trade b/w Europe and
Asia had never been better
›
Many Chinese inventions, like gunpowder,
reached Europe during this time
III. Kublai Khan Becomes Emperor
›
1260- Kublai Khan, Grandson of Genghis
Khan, took power in, “Great Khan”
›
Succeeded in grandfather’s dream of
conquering all of China
›
tried to rule Japan but defeated
›
sought to improve trade relations w/ Europe
›
most famous European to visit China was
Marco Polo- spent 17 years serving Great
Khan
›
When he returned to Europe no one
believed his stories of China’s greatness
Marco Polo
IV. The End of Mongol Rule
›
during last years of Kublai Khan’s rule
weaknesses became apparent
›
expansion caused great defeats at great
expense
›
1294- Kublai Khan’s death, struggles over
power further weaken empire
›
Rebellions broke out, fueled by years of
famine, flood, and disease- Chinese had
long resented Mongol rule
›
1368 – Chinese rebels finally overthrew
Mongols= Ming Dynasty
V. Feudal Rule in Japan
› Japan’s island location helped to shape
its civilization
› Made up of over 4,000 islands w/
majority of ppl living on 4 largest islands
*
› 400’s- Japanese began to have
more contact w/ mainland Asia
› Japanese adapted parts of
Chinese culture
› 700’s- imperial court moved its
capital to Heian (modern Kyoto)
› During Heian rule Japan’s central
gov’t strong but strength was
challenged by powerful
landowners
VI. Feudalism Erodes Imperial Authority
›
large landowners set up private armies
made of samurai- “one who serves”
warriors sworn to protect their lord
›
Samurai follow Bushido, “way of the
warrior”- show courage, reverence for
gods, be fair, generous to weaker ppl
›
1100’s, Japan’s 2 most powerful clans
fought for power
›
›
Minamoto family won, their leader named
Shogun, or “supreme general” of
emperor’s army
emperor still ruled but it would be the
Shoguns who held the real power in
Japan until 1860’s
While engaging in
the study of history,
investigating artwork
can frequently give
the viewer greater
insight into different
topics. A great deal
of art remains intact
in reference to
different groups of
warrior peoples in
Asian history in
current period of
study (A.D. 3001400).

Your task is to make an initial
summary of your ideas and
beliefs about three different
Asian warrior cultures, the
Mongol raiders, the Japanese
Samurai and the Japanese
Ninja. You will then view each
of 9 different images and
answer the corresponding
questions for each image.
Finally, you will provide a
conclusion regarding your
initial ideas and any changes
that have occurred during the
activity. Be prepared to
discuss your findings at the
end of the activity.



Subject: What people
and objects do you
see? Describe their
expressions and
appearance.
Action: What are the
subjects doing?
Setting: What is going
on around the
subjects?



Subject: What people and objects do you see?
Describe their expressions and appearance.
Action: What are the subjects doing?
Setting: What is going on around the subjects?




What are the
common themes or
ideas in the images
of the same type of
warrior?
Mongol Raiders:
Japanese Samurai:
Japanese Ninja: