Transcript Middle Ages ppt1 - School District 27J

Middle Ages
BHS High School
Armenta-Garcia/
Anderson….modified
by Bandoch
Decline of the Roman Empire
Contributing Factors
-Civil wars; fight for control of Empire
-Constantine moves capital to Byzantium
-Inflation; gap grows between rich and poor
-no more “booty” from war conquests
-Decrease in loyalty to Roman Empire
-Hire soldiers to try and defend Empire
Immediate Factors
-Invasion of Germanic Tribes
-Visigoths let by Alaric sack Rome in 408
-Huns led by Attila plundered many cites
in Empire
*Empire gets split into East and West as East holds off Germanic Tribes
395 A.D. Roman Empire Split
Red= Roman Empire
Purple= Byzantine Empire
13.1 Fall of Rome 476 A.D.
Effects of The Fall of the Empires
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Constant attacks disrupted trade,
businesses closed, cities
abandoned & population move to
the countryside.
Remaining Roman populations
moved to countryside (farming).
Did not continue education.
Germanic tribes, illiterate & had
no written language.
Greek works, dominant Latin
language declined.
New Era: Middle Ages or
medieval period from 500-1500
Barbarian Kingdoms and Migrations 4th and 5th Century
13.1 Germanic Chiefs & Warriors
400-600 Years of Upheaval
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Borders between kingdoms change
due to constant wars.
Order & security is provided by the
Christian church- does NOT change.
Role of Government Changes
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Germanic kingdoms are united by
family ties & loyalty- had no form of
government.
Unwritten laws & traditions used to
govern small communities.
Warriors pledge loyalty to their chief.
Live in lord’s manor, provided armor,
treasure and food
13.1 Franks Rule Gaul
 Germanic people called
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Franks hold power in Roman
province of Gaul (France).
Clovis, leader of the Franks,
converts to Christianity in
496.
Leads warriors against other
Germanic armies, increase
territory and gets all of Gaul.
Unites Franks into one
kingdom with Church’s help by
511, to begin partnership
Starts Merovingian Dynasty
13.1 Christian Influence on Germanic Tribes
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Frankish rulers convert conquered
& Germanic people to Christianity.
Religious travelers= missionaries
help spread the religion.
Church established
monasteries=religious
communities, where monks commit
to prayer & service. Nuns do the
same in convents.
Benedict- an Italian monk writes
rules to be used for governing
monasteries.
Monasteries become educational
centers; open schools, create
libraries and copied books!!!!
Cistercian Maulbronn Monastery
(1147) France
Illuminated Script
Review of Organization of
Christian Church
-Local Level; Priest lead small groups of Christians
-Regional Level; Bishop supervises several
local levels
-Head of Church; Pope is the bishop of
Rome and is the leader of the whole church
13.1 Expansion of Papal PowerGregory I
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590- Gregory I (Gregory the
Great) becomes pope.
Church becomes a secular
power= a political power.
Palace of the Pope will become
the center of Roman government
and essentially, mayor of Rome.
Church $$ used to fund armies,
assist poor & negotiate treaties.
Formed an alliance with the
Franks & transformed the
Germanic kingship into an agency
for the Christianization of Europe.
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Major domo- mayor of the
palace. (Circa 700)
Most powerful official in the
kingdom (Frankish) and rules.
In 719, Charles Martel or
Charles the Hammer become
major domo, is more powerful
than a king.
Battle of Tours(732)- defeat
Muslims in Spain & become a
Christian hero as he
established Christian authority.
13.1
An Empire Evolves
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Upon death, his son, Pepin the
Short takes rule.
Fights the Lombards in Italy to
protect the Pope and gives land
to the Pope (Papal States)
Pope anointed him King of the
Franks
1) Strengthened ties to Franks
and church
2) European Christians believe
Popes appointment came from
God
**Pepin begins Carolingian
Dynasty- 751-987.
13.1
An Empire Evolves
13.1 Charlemagne Becomes Emperor
771-814
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Pepin the Short’s son,
Charlemagne or Charles the Great
takes control in 771.
Charlemagne’s armies reunite W.
Europe & spread Christianity.
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-Muslims in Spain, Lombards in Italy, Saxons in
Germany, Avars in Central Europe
In 800, traveled to Rome to
protect the Pope from unruly mob
attacks.
Pope Leo III crowns him “Emperor
of the Holy Roman Empire”.
Significant event= Germanic
power+Church+Roman heritage
joined together.
13.1 Charlemagne Government
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Limited region authority and
strengthened his authority
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“Missi Dominici”=Lord’s messengers
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Checked on counts to be fair
Heard complaints, investigates, judges
cases, effects laws and manages estates
Education
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starts schools in palace (scholars)
orders monasteries to open schools
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grammar, rhetoric, logic, math, music
created libraries
reproduces readable Bible to help
spread Christianity
The Empire of Charles the Great, "King of the Franks"
700s CE
13.1 Treaty of Verdun 843
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Charlemagne crowned his son,
Louis the Pions, emperor before
he died.
Empire was ruled poorly & later
left to his three grandsons.
Grandsons fought each other for
power & control.
Signed the Treaty of Verdun,
dividing Charlemagne’s Empire
into three kingdoms.
13.2 A New Social Order
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850-950 feudalism
begins- political
system based on land
control.
Lord/landowner
give fief/land grant
in exchange for
services.
Vassals- people who
receive the fiefsbecome powerful
landowners.
13.2 Feudalism (political system)
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The kings had lots of land;
he gave land to lords for
protection and $.
Lords gave their land to
knights for protection, $.
Knights let serfs work the
land & would protect them.
Serfs got food and shelter.
Majority are serfs & bound to
the land.
Roles are inherited.
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MANOR=economic
system maintained by
serfs & peasants.
Include lord’s house,
church, workshops,
village.
Covered a few square
miles of land.
Self contained & self
sufficient.
13.2 Manor Life
13.3 Age of Chivalry
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By 1100’s warring
nobles battled for
power.
Feudal lords raise
private armies of
knights.
Knights rewarded with
land, provides income
needed for weapons.
Tournaments helped
train knights.
Similar to real battles,
bloody & fierce.
13.3 A Knight’s Armor
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Three types of soldiers: Knight
(wealthiest), foot soldier &
archers
Knights covered in multi-layers or
armor.
War horse & armor= $$$$$$
Squires kept weapons & armor
clean & in working condition.
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Armor weighed 40-60 lbs.
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Sword- approx. 32 lbs.
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Shield- wood/metal 20lbs
13.3 Knighthood & Code of Chivalry
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Code of chivalry= set of
ideals on how to act.
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Protect the weak & poor
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Protect/serve feudal lord
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Serve/honor God
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Protect chosen lady
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Many failed to meet
these high standards.
13.3 Love Poems & Love Songs
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Knights duty to his lady = his duty
to the lord.
Medieval poetry echoed conflict
between his two obligations.
Epic poems written of legendary
heroes & false image of knights.
Troubadours= poet-musicians of
castles & courts
Love songs of joys & sorrows of
romantic love, lovesick knights.
Love songs created artificial image
of noblewomen.
Name That Tune……
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“Lips of an Angel” Hinder
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“Tainted Love” Soft Cell
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“Love Song” 311/The Cure
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“Love Me Tender” Elvis Presley
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“Beautiful Girls” Sean Kingston
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“Cable Car” The Fray
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“Time After Time” Quiet Drive/ Cyndi Lauper
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“Cupids Chokehold” Gym Class Heroes
“I’ll
Be” Edwin McCain
13.3 Castles & Siege Weapons
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Castle: Used as the main source of protection
for the royal court & included inside it’s thick
walls everything needed for survival.
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Giant slingshot
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Launched objects over
900 ft.
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Boulders, human heads,
captured soldiers, dead &
diseased animals.
Acted as a type of
biological warfare.
13.3 Trebuchet
13.3 Siege
Tower
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Allowed soldiers to
move over castle
walls.
13.3 Mangonel
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Flung large rocks
into castle walls.
Shot objects over
1,000 ft.
CROSSBOW
HALBERD
MACE
AXES & BATONS
WAR HAMMER
SWORDS
Review: Why was each individual important &
how did each individual help spread
Christianity?
CLOVIS
Converted to Christianity,
brought religion to his
3,000 warriors.
BENEDICT
Italian monk, wrote a book
of strict rules for
monasteries.
CHARLES MARTEL
Major domo of the palace.
Became a “Christian hero”
after defeating Muslims at
the Battle of Tours.
CHARLEMAGNE
Built largest empire since
Rome, united under
Christianity. Crowned “Holy
Roman Emperor”
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Weak feudal
governments= church
more power.
13.4 Church vs. Kings
Christianity/church is
unifying people.
Church is a secular or
political power, affected
people of all social
classes.
Both church & monarchs
will fight for money,
power & positions.
13.4 Church Wields Power
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Church Structure-organized
by status: Pope is highest.
Clergy- religious officials
incl., bishops, priest, etc.
Shared religion=people
bond.
Sacraments- religious
ceremonies/rites that paved
the way to salvation.Performed by clergy.
Ex: Baptism, confirmation
Canon law- guided peoples
conduct, governs marriage &
religious practices.
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Popes have power over
political leaders by:
Excommunication: banishment
from the church, denial of
eternal salvation. (freed
vassals)
Interdictions: king’s subjects
denied sacraments & other
religious services. (no
sacraments= suffering/hell)
13.4 Power of the
Church
The Holy Roman Empire Centers
on Germany
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Otto idolized Charlemagne, followed in his
footsteps.
Used alliances w/ the church to defeat
opposition.
Invaded Italy for the pope= crowned HRE.
Problems= Italians did not like to be ruled by
Germans.
Pope began to fear power of German princes.
13.4 Concordat of
Worms
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Lay Investiture: kings &
noble appointing church
officials
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Power struggle between the
kings & clergy was a huge
issue.
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Concordat of Worms: Church
granted bishop his staff &
ring, emperor can veto
churches choice.
13.4 Holy Roman Empire
Strongest European power until the
1100’s.
 Holy Roman Empire centered in
Germany.
Frederick I
o Named king of Germany.
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Nicknamed “Barbarossa” because of
his red beard.
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Disorder arises when he leaves
Germany.
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Invades Italy & meets defeat against
church & merchants.
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Empire collapses upon his death.
Review: Why was each individual important &
how did each individual help spread
Christianity?