Transcript Middle Ages PPT

1. Do you believe that people today
see religion as an important part of
their daily lives? Explain
2. Explain factors that might cause a
person to value religion more or
value religion less in life.
3. TAKE ONE OF THE PACKETS ON
THE DESK WHEN YOU COME
INTO CLASS
Germanic Tribes of Europe and How They Became Catholics and Then Set the
Stage for the Catholic Church to Basically Rule Everything…
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Who were important figures of the Frankish
Empire?
How did the Franks become Catholics?
How did the Catholic Church assert its
dominance over the Franks?
Take a
Guess:
Where
does the
word
“Germanic
” come
from?
Who were
the most
important
Germanic
tribes?
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Clovis, King of the
Franks 

Franks were originally
polytheistic, like most
tribes.

Converted to
Christianity in 496
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Take a guess: Why did
he convert? Why was
that important?
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In 732, the Franks,
under the leadership of
Charles “The Hammer”
Martel, fought a major
battle at Tours, in
France.
Who do you think they
fought?
Who won?
Why was the result
important?
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Take out your primary source packet and read
the last primary source “History of the
Franks”
Determine why Clovis would convert to
Christianity and explain why many of his
followers converted as well.
We will discuss this later in class
The greatest and
tallest King of the
Franks.
 Ruled from 768-814.
 Notice what he’s
holding: Why might
the artist have drawn
those symbols?
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In your own words, define loyalty
Can you think of a situation in which
someone’s loyalty to you was very important
or when you had to be loyal to someone?
Europe in the 6c
The Middle Ages or Medieval Period
( 500 CE -1500 CE.)
Barbarian
Invasions
cause the
Fall of the
Western
Roman
Empire
Rise of
New
Kingdoms/
States
that are
not united
New
Kingdoms
are unable
to protect
themselves
from
Barbarian
Invasions,
causing a
need for
localized
Protection
The
Rise of
Feudalism
in Europe
Developed
as a result
of frequent
invasions in
western
Europe
 Kings and
nobles
needed a
way to
protect
their lands
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Lords divided their
lands into estates
called fiefs
Fiefs (land) given to
vassals in return
for loyalty and
military support
All nobles were
vassals to the King
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Provide military service
Remain loyal and faithful
Give money on special
occasions
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Give Land
Protect from attack
Resolve disputes between
knights
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Serfs
 Peasants who lived and
worked on the lord’s
manor
 Were not allowed to leave
the manor or marry
without the lord’s
permission
 Were allowed to farm on
the manor in return for
work
Lords were required to
protect the serfs

The life of a serf was
harsh
 Worked long hours
 few lived past 35 years
old
 Based on heredity
▪ You were a serf if you
parents were

The Harshness of Manor Life
 Peasants pay taxes to use mill and
bakery; pay a tithe to priest
▪ Tithe—a church tax—is equal to
one-tenth of a peasant’s income
 Serfs live in crowded cottages
with dirt floors, straw for beds
 Worked long hours
▪ raising crops, livestock; feeding
and clothing family
 Poor diet, illness, malnutrition
make life expectancy 35 years
 Serfs generally accept their lives
as part of God’s plan
SERFS AND FREEMEN
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LESSER NOBLES
(KNIGHTS)
LABOR
PROTECTION
SERFS AND FREEMEN
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POWERFUL
NOBLES
LAND AND
PROTECTION
LOYALTY AND
MILITARY SERVICE
LESSER NOBLES
(KNIGHTS)
LABOR
PROTECTION
SERFS AND FREEMEN
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KING
LOYALTY AND
SERVICE
LAND
POWERFUL
NOBLES
LAND AND
PROTECTION
LOYALTY AND
MILITARY SERVICE
LESSER NOBLES
(KNIGHTS)
LABOR
PROTECTION
SERFS AND FREEMEN
23
 filled the power vacuum left from the
collapse of the classical world.
 CHURCH IS CENTER OF EVERY TOWN
 monasticism:
 St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of
poverty, chastity, and obedience.
 provided schools for the children of
the upper class.
 inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
 libraries & scriptoria to copy books
and illuminate manuscripts.
 monks  missionaries to the
barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
 bishops and abbots played a large part in
the feudal system.
 the church controlled about 1/3 of the
land in Western Europe.
 tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40
days a year for combat.
 curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition
 tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to
the church.
 Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person
[paid by the peasants].
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How many people do
you think lived in all of
Europe in the year
1200?
A) 5 million
B) 10 million – the size of
NYC today
 C) 75 million
 D) 100 million
 E) 300 million – the size of the
USA today
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Population in all of
Europe was about 75
million
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What enabled people to
move into towns?
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What were conditions in
towns?
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Everyone in the family must reach into the
envelope and pull out one card
If you have a skull card, come see me, I will
give you another one
Once everyone has looked at their card place
your ORIGNAL card back in the envelope
Move clockwise to the next city
If you have a skull card, place it in your new
city’s envelope and wait for further
instructions
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What did you notice about the Activty?
Why was it harder and harder to stay alive?
Why would a MEDIEVAL person think this
was happening?
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What do you see
here?
How might this
person have died?
What are the
people in the
middle doing?
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3 major events happened during this time
period that changed Europe forever
 The Magna Carta
 The Black Death
 100 years war
1300s and 1400s in Europe = 25 million dead
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Bubonic plague = a
disease spread by fleas
on rats
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“bubo” or enlarged
lymphatic gland
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Rats and humans serve
as host for disease
SYMPTOMS:
enlarged and inflamed lymph
nodes
(around arm pits, neck and groin)
 headaches
 nausea
Bulbous
 aching joints
 fever of 101-105 degrees
 vomiting
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Septi-cemic Form:
almost 100% mortality rate.
SIGNS:
Central Historical Question
How did people in the 14th century
understand the Black Death?
Medieval Art & the Plague
Bring out your dead!
Boccaccio in The Decameron
The victims ate lunch with
their friends and dinner
with their ancestors.
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burned all manner of incense:
*juniper, laurel, pine, beech, lemon leaves,
rosemary, camphor and sulfur
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handkerchiefs dipped in aromatic oils
= cover faces in public
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cure of sound
=rang church bells, set off cannons
Ring a-round the rosy
Pocket full of posies
Ashes, ashes!
We all fall down!
1. rosary beads give you
God's help
2. used to stop the odor of
rotting bodies, used
widely by doctors to
protect them from the
infected plague patients
3. the church burned the
dead when burying
them became to
laborious
4. DEAD!!!!!
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exposure to public nudity, craziness, and
(obviously) abundant death was premature.
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parents even abandoned their children, leaving
them to the streets
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children = especially unlucky if they were
female…baby girls would be left to die
WHY?????
A Little Macabre Ditty
“A sickly season,” the merchant said,
“The town I left was filled with dead,
and everywhere these queer red flies
crawled upon the corpses’ eyes,
eating them away.”
“Fair make you sick,” the merchant said,
“They crawled upon the wine and bread.
Pale priests with oil and books,
bulging eyes and crazy looks,
dropping like the flies.”
A Little Macabre Ditty (2)
“I had to laugh,” the merchant said,
“The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled;
“And proved through solemn disputation
“The cause lay in some constellation.
“Then they began to die.”
“First they sneezed,” the merchant said,
“And then they turned the brightest red,
Begged for water, then fell back.
With bulging eyes and face turned black,
they waited for the flies.”
A Little Macabre Ditty (3)
“I came away,” the merchant said,
“You can’t do business with the dead.
“So I’ve come here to ply my trade.
“You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…”
And then he sneezed…....!
The Mortality Rate
35% - 70%
25,000,000 dead !!!
What were the
political,
economic,
and social effects
of the Black Death??
Merchants died causing trade to
significantly decline and in turn raised
prices
 Workers and employers also die,
production declines, prices continue to
rise.
 This all led to peasant revolts because
their wages are no longer sufficient to live
off of.
 Break down of the feudal system (no one
left)
 The Jewish population was blamed for
the plague and in some cases they were
slaughtered because of it.
 Church’s power was significantly
weakened.
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