Transcript feudalism
Chapter 10 Medieval Kingdoms in Europe LESSON 1 – Feudalism LESSON 2 – Peasants, Trade and Cities LESSON 3 – The Growth of European Kingdoms Medieval Kingdoms in Europe Charlemagne's empire did not survive long after his death. Grandsons divided it up. Invasions by Vikings , Magyars, and Muslims encouraged a new system of defense known as feudalism. INVASIONS FEUDALISM The Carolingian Empire of Charlemagne fell: internal fighting outside attacks Most feared attacks from the Vikings, or NORSEMEN (men from the north ) FEUDALISM Where exactly? 1) Vikings were from Scandinavia. FEUDALISM 2) Germanic people who loved adventure and war. 3) Sacked European towns looking for spoils of war. FEUDALISM 4) Great shipbuilders - "dragon ships" could sail on rivers and attack areas off the coast. FEUDALISM 6) By mid- 9th century - had begun to settle in places in Europe 7) 911 A.D. Frankish ruler gave the Vikings land in Northern France - later became known as Normandy. 8) Franks were willing to let the Vikings settle in Europe if converted to Christianity and in this way, the Vikings became part of European civilization. FEUDALISM The Development of Feudalism •Centralized Rule: all power in the hands of one person, such as a king •After the centralized control of the Carolingians was lost, FEUDALISM was a system of protection developed in Europe because of invasions. FEUDALISM The Development of Feudalism One of the main principles of feudalism the idea of VASSALAGE. When trained warriors swore loyalty to a "LORD " who took care of them FEUDALISM Europe had many rulers with vast landholdings, and some known as KINGS they were not kings of a country, but powerful, wealthy men. FEUDALISM Could this "king" protect his great estate alone? NO! feudalism was developed over time. A system where people with differing contributions could work together for the protection of all. KING > land, includes people who work land > lord or vassal FIEF = land granted to a lord or vassal SERF = people who worked the land The lord could use the land as he wished… Example: Splitting his holding up and granting fiefs to lesser lords. This land holding was the most important gift that could be given a lord. The relationship between the Lord and Vassal required military service in return. (usually about 40 days per year) KNIGHTS : armored Calvary who- did most of the fighting for the lords The peasants and serfs would work on the land and pay rent in return for protection . Sometimes a very complicated system - feudal relationships were often unclear. The Feudal Contract was a set of unwritten rules concerning each party's responsibilities to each other. Example: Vassals could serve both Kings and Lords above them…but what if they became enemies? These kings, lords and vassals formed the aristocracy (nobles) in Europe CHIVALRY was an ethical code of civilized behavior that the knights were to uphold: 1) defend the Church and defenseless people 2) treat captives well and with dignity 3) treat women with respect Women's roles varied at this time: 1) most were subservient to men 2) many noble women helped with running the estates for their husbands 3) peasant women worked very hard in agriculture and at home. Can you guess what this cartoon is referring to? The logic of the Middle Ages!