Transcript 09.10.12 Charlemagne

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World History
September 11, 2012
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What we are learning about:
410 AD – 1350 AD
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The Fall of Rome
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The Middle Ages
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Feudalism/Manorialism
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The Crusades
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The Black Death
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Medieval Europe
Background
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The Middle Ages were a dark age for
Europe.
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Feudalism: social class system during the
Middle Ages that depended on loyalty due
to constant invasions and insecurity.
Includes Kings/Lords/Knights/Serfs.
The Franks try to turn things around
 Charles “The
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
Hammer” Martel
Political advisor and war leader
Defeats Muslims in Spain
 His
son, Pippin follows in his footsteps and
eventually takes the crown
 768, he
dies and passes his kingdom on to his
son, Charlemagne
Charlemagne
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“By the sword
and by the
cross”
Rise to Power
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Every year, Charlemagne leads his army
to battle. He expands his kingdom by
conquering a people each year. He then
forms alliances with the local leaders
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Why is this a smart political move?
Einhard’s Life of Charlemagne
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... He cherished the Church of St. Peter the Apostle at Rome
above all other holy and sacred places, and heaped its treasury
with a vast wealth of gold, silver, and precious stones. He sent
great and countless gifts to the popes; and throughout his whole
reign the wish that he had nearest at heart was to re-establish the
ancient authority of the city of Rome under his care and by his
influence, and to defend and protect the Church of St. Peter, and
to beautify and enrich it out of his own store above all other
churches.
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How did Charlemagne feel about the Catholic Church?
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How might this influence how he rules?
Papal States
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Region of central
Italy under the
control of the pope
(The yellow section)
You mess with the pope, you get
Charlemagne
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774: Lombards attack the Papal
States
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Pope asks Charlemagne for help
Charlemagne defeats the Lombards
799: Angry supporters of the
previous pope attack Leo and run
him out of Rome
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Leo calls on Charlemagne and the Franks
Charlemagne returns Pope Leo III to power
Emperor Charlemagne
Pope names Charlemagne Emperor of
Rome
 This
implies two things:
 Charlemagne had restored the glory of the
Roman Empire
 Charlemagne had the full backing of the
church and God
 Does
the pope have the authority to do this?
 Why
does the pope have such influence?
Charlemagne
Created
Holy Roman Empire.
To
control his empire, Charlemagne
appointed local administrators who
were loyal to him. They were called
counts and they were bound by oath to
obey him
This
system of loyalty would eventually
lead to Feudalism.
More than an Emperor, a Change
Maker
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Using your textbook, complete the following
Charlemagne’s
Action
Education
Religion
Law
Resulting Social
Change
Trouble, Video
1. What
threatened
Charlemagne’s empire?
2. What
3. How
were these people after?
did these people treat
people they encountered?
Vikings
 Vikings
invaded
surrounding countries
in search of gold.
 Vikings
killed the
people, burned the
villages, and stole the
food and valuables.
 They
were excellent
sailors and ship
builders who used
navigation
Muslims and Magyars
 Muslims
crossed the
Strait of Gibraltar in 711
and attempted to invade
 They
were stopped at the
Battle of Tours by Charles
Martel
 Changed
tactics and gave
up invasions in favor of
small raids
 Magyars
invaded
from the east on horse
back
 They
planed their
raids carefully
 In
the mid 900s the
Magyars were
crushed by King Otto
the Great of Germany
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Feudalism
Feudalism
was a result of the
collapse in the strong government
of Ancient Rome and the invasions
of vandals like the Vikings.
One’s
social class in Feudalism
was determined by birth.
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Manorialism
The economic portion of feudalism was
centered around the lord's estates or
manor, and is called the manorialism.
A lord's manor would include peasant
villages, a church, farm land, a mill, and
the lord's castle or manor house.
Manorialism – economic system used
during feudalism.
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Manorialism
Manors
were self sufficient; all
economic activity occurred on the
manor. Most of the peasants during
the Middle Ages were serfs. Serfs
were given land to farm in exchange
for service to their lord.
Service
that serfs owed to the local
lords included: working in the fields
for food and paying taxes.
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Manorialism
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The lords had responsibilities also under
this system. In return for the services and
taxes paid by the peasants, they provided
land and protection to them.
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Lords also had to pay taxes and knights
for fighting to high lords and the king.
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Feudalism affected all levels of society
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Feudalism in Europe
Europe
Nobility
King, lord, lesser lord
Warriors
Knights
Code of Conduct
Chivalry
Both practices developed in response to the need for security and stability
everyone had well-defined social roles
helped preserve law and order
The Feudal System
Kings
Give large land grants to Upper Lords called fiefs
Give Protection
Receives money, military service, and advice
Upper Lords
Give land grants to Lesser Lords
Give Protection
Receives money, military service
Lesser Lords
Give land grants to knights
Receives money, military service
Knights
Give land to peasants/serfs
Receives crops, labor
Peasants/ Serfs
Receives land to farm
Pays with labor, crops
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Magna Carta
 This
system lasted for
hundreds of years, with the
kings having a large amount
of power.
 In 1215 in
England, Nobles
came together and created
the Magna Carta.
 The Magna
Carta limited the
King’s Power.
 1.
What document does the
USA have that limits the
executive’s power?
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Art
Unlike
their
Greek and Roman
predecessors, the
artists of the
Middle Ages
depicted a
flattened, abstract
style of art.
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During the middle ages two distinct
Christian churches emerged
Roman Catholic
Eastern Orthodox
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Role of the Church
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Religion was a central part of
life for medieval people from
baptism to marriage.
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The Church was the largest
landholder, gained wealth
through tithing and had its
own laws and courts which
frequently clashed with King’s
authority.
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The Church was a stabilizing
force during a period of weak
government.
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Because of this, the Pope had a
large amount of power– even
more powerful than the kings.
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The Crusades, Video
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In the 1050’s the Seljuk Turks invade the
Byzantine empire and conquered
Palestine or the Holy land.
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The Muslims and Jews also considered
this their Holy Land.
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The Pope called for a crusade to free the
Holy Land
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Reasons for the Crusades
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The Pope wanted to increase his power
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Christians believed it was their duty to
recover the Holy Land
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Nobles wanted to gain wealth.
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Adventurers sought travel and excitement
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Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression
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Impact of the Crusades
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A major result of the Crusades, include
Cultural Diffusion and an increase in
trade. European interest in goods from the
east was stimulated by returning Crusaders
who brought back many things. As the
Crusades ended, ships that were once used
to carry soldiers to the Middle East, now
carried trade goods. Merchants from rich
Italian city states, such as Venice and
Florence, dominated this trade.
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Crusades
 Crusades
 Trade  Wealth & Knowledge  Cities
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The Black Death, Min. 6
 The
bubonic plague was a highly infectious
disease spread by the fleas on rats. Rats
were common in the cities of this time.
 This
particular outbreak first appeared in
China.
 Between
1347 and 1353, the plague killed
one person out of every three in Europe
over 25 million.
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The Black Death
Caused
the death of tens of millions
of people.
Caused
the decline of cultural
transmission and trade across
Eurasia.
Caused
the halting of growth of
population, trade, and industry.