Transcript A Medieval Castle

THE MIDDLE AGES
Europe AD 500-1500
Periodization
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
After fall of Rome, chaos ensues- wars, no trade,
signs of advanced civilization disappear in Europe
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Conditions improve as Monarchs provide security / economic
growth- begin to build nations
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Progressive thinking eventually leads to increased
democracy, technology, science, etc… Renaissance,
Reformation
Europe in the 6c
Charlemagne: 742 to 814
•Frankish King c. 800 AD
•Unites Present day France,
Germany, N. Italy into empire
•Works with church- spreads
Christianity throughout
W.Europe
•Values education= schools,
textbooks, etc
•Sets up strong gov’t = model
for future kings
Charlemagne’s Empire
Pope Crowned Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800
•Christian Pope crowns
King successor to
Roman Emperor
•Revives ideal of
united Christian
community
•Widens split between
E / W Christians
•Power struggles in
future- who’s in
charge- king or pope?
State or church?
The Rise of European Monarchies:
England
Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social
system based on loyalty and
military service.
Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle
Lord= Landowner
lord)
Fief= Land
Knight= Mounted Warrior (owes
Vassal= pledge loyalty to lord in return for landholdings
Chivalry= Knights code of conduct
Page= Young boy training to be knight (start at 7)
knight
Squire= Apprentice of
Parts of a Medieval Castle
The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE
Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior
The Medieval Manor
Life on the Medieval Manor
Manor = Estate
Serf= Peasant, bound to
land
Slave= Peasant,
property of lord
Peasant= Work for lord
in exchange for
protection, place to live,
and food
The Medieval Catholic Church
 filled the power vacuum left from the
collapse of the classical world.
 monasticism:
 St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of
poverty, chastity, and obedience.
 provided schools for the children of
the upper class.
 inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
 libraries & scriptoria to copy books
and illuminate manuscripts.
 monks  missionaries to the
barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
The Power of the Medieval Church
 bishops and abbots played a large part in
the feudal system.
 the church controlled about 1/3 of the
land in Western Europe.
 tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40
days a year for combat.
 curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition
 tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to
the church.
A Medieval Monk’s Day
A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium
Illuminated Manuscripts
William the Conqueror:
Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)
William “Duke of Normandy”- Brings knights from France and becomes King
Of England
Evolution of England’s Political System
 Henry I:
 William’s son.
 set up a court system.
Dept. of royal finances.
 Henry II:
 established the principle of common law
throughout the kingdom.
 grand jury.
 trial by jury.
Magna Carta, 1215
 King John I
 “Great Charter”
 monarchs were not
above the law.
 kings had to
consult a council of
advisors.
 kings could not tax
arbitrarily.
Legal rights of
individuals protected
The Beginnings of the British Parliament
 Great Council:
 middle class merchants, townspeople
[burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr.,
burghers in Ger.] were added at the
end of the 13c.
 eventually called Parliament. (parler =
“to talk”)- given power to tax (power
over monarch)
 by 1400, two chambers evolved:
o House of Lords  nobles & clergy.
o House of Commons  knights and
burgesses.
The Rise of European Monarchies:
France
Gothic Architectural Style
 Pointed arches.
 High, narrow
vaults.
 Thinner walls.
 Flying buttresses.
 Elaborate, ornate,
airier interiors.
 Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses
Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade
•1095 Calls on Europeans
to join Christian crusade
to recapture Palestine,
Jerusalem from Muslims
•200 years of religious
wars ensue- Christians vs.
Muslims
•1099 Christians capture
Jerusalem, massacre
Jews, Muslims
• Within 100 years,
Muslims regain landbloody religious war goes
on
•Leaves legacy of mistrust,
hatred
Setting Out on Crusade
Christian Crusades: East and West
Medieval Universities
EDUCATION
•Church and Gov’t need educated people
•Political and economic conditions improving
•Mostly wealthy sons go to university
Oxford University
Late Medieval Town Dwellings
Medieval Trade
Medieval Economy Improves
 Commercial Revolution:
Merchants join together- pool funds= bigger
business, more $ (corporations)
Insurance- owners look to protect shipments,
investments
 Banks hold money- doesn’t have to be carried on
trade route
Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop
Crest of a Cooper’s Guild