Transcript MedievalSummary - historysparkslearning

Don Sparks
Statesville Senior High School
Periodization
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Europe in the 6c
The Medieval Catholic Church
 filled the power vacuum left from the
collapse of the classical world.
 monasticism:
 St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of
poverty, chastity, and obedience.
 provided schools for the children of
the upper class.
 inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
 libraries & scriptoria to copy books
and illuminate manuscripts.
 monks  missionaries to the
barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
The Power of the Medieval Church
 bishops and abbots played a large part in
the feudal system.
 the church controlled about 1/3 of the
land in Western Europe.
 tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40
days a year for combat.
 curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition
 tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to
the church.
 Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person
[paid by the peasants].
A Medieval Monk’s Day
A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium
Illuminated Manuscripts
Romanesque Architectural Style
 Rounded Arches.
 Barrel vaults.
 Thick walls.
 Darker, simplistic interiors.
 Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.
Charlemagne: 742 to 814
Charlemagne’s Empire
Pope Crowned Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800
The Carolingian Renaissance
Carolingian Miniscule
The Rise of European Monarchies:
England
Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social
system based on loyalty and
military service.
Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle
Parts of a Medieval Castle
The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE
Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior
Chivalry: A Code of Honor and
Behavior
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
excellent horsemen
skilled in battle
brave
generous in victory
devoted to religion
educated in the arts
willing to help the poor and needy
to be courteous to women
fight to the death to their “lady”
The Medieval Manor
Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work
William the Conqueror:
Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)
Evolution of England’s Political System
 Henry I:
 William’s son.
 set up a court system.
 Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.
 Henry II:
 established the principle of common law
throughout the kingdom.
 grand jury.
 trial by jury.
Magna Carta, 1215
 King John I
 Runnymeade
 “Great Charter”
 monarchs were not
above the law.
 kings had to
consult a council of
advisors.
 kings could not tax
arbitrarily.
The Beginnings of the British Parliament
 Great Council:
 middle class merchants, townspeople
[burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr.,
burghers in Ger.] were added at the
end of the 13c.
 eventually called Parliament.
 by 1400, two chambers evolved:
o House of Lords  nobles & clergy.
o House of Commons  knights and
burgesses.
The Rise of European Monarchies:
France
Gothic Architectural Style
•
Pointed arches.
•
High, narrow
vaults.
•
Thinner walls.
•
Flying buttresses.
•
Elaborate, ornate,
airier interiors.
•
Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses
Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade
Setting Out on Crusade
Christian Crusades: East and West
Thomas Beckett
• Thomas Beckett was appointed as Archbishop of
Canterbury by King Henry
• Beckett defended the church against the King,
thinking that the wanted Beckett dead, 4 barons went
to Canterbury where they killed Thomas Beckett in
his cathedral
• Beckett was declared a saint by the Catholic Church,
and people from all over England went to his burial
place in Canterbury to pray and be healed of sickness
• One of the best loved books in the English language,
The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, is about a
group of pilgrims (one who travels for religious
reasons) setting out for Beckett’s tomb
Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury,
United Kingdom
Medieval Universities
Oxford University
Late Medieval Town Dwellings
Medieval Trade
Medieval Guilds (Unions)
Guild Hall
 Commercial Monopoly:
 Controlled membership
apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman
 Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].
 Controlled prices
Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop
Crest of a Cooper’s Guild
Vikings
a. Vikings were fierce warriors, traders, and raiders
from Scandinavia, present-day Norway, Sweden,
and Denmark.
b. Vikings terrorized much of coastal Europe and
traveled many miles up rivers in their special
boats (could float in 3 feet of water when
loaded)
c. A Viking named Leif Ericson was probably the
first European explorer to discover North
America
MARCO POLO
a.
Marco Polo was born in Venice Italy in the mid 1200’s
b.
Venice was founded on a group of swampy islands during the Dark Ages and
over the centuries it grew into a rich and powerful as a trading center between
Europe and the Far East
c.
When Marco Polo was 16 he traveled with his family to China and entered the
court of the great Kublai Khan
d.
Marco Polo was chosen as the representative to the outlying provinces of
China and the Polo family remained there for 24 years
e.
When fighting broke out between Venice and Genoa Marco was taken
prisoner and wrote the book, The Travels of Marco Polo, this book gave the
Europeans their first look into China and helped create the first accurate maps
of Asia
f.
His book aroused the interest of Christopher Columbus (Genoa)
JOAN OF ARC
• In a strange but true story, an illiterate peasant girl
convinced the King of France to allow her to lead
the armies of France during the Hundred Years War
• At the age of 17, Joan of Arc led the French to
victory over the English in a Battle of Orleans
France in 1429
• The Battle of Orleans was the turning point of the
Hundred Years War and eventually drove the
English out of France in 1453, this is why Joan of
Arc is loved by the French and was burned at the
stake by the English
• Joan of Arc was declared a saint by the Roman
Catholic Church in 1920
Image of Joan of Arc
Painted between
1450 and 1500