Transcript arthistory review ppt

Exam Review Grade 10
History
Arts Styles have produced in class
• Illuminated Manuscripts
• Stain glass- rose windows
• Mosaics
Manuscript….
• manus a Latin word
meaning HAND
• scriptus a Latin word
meaning TO WRITE
Illumination...
• Part of the manuscript
that reflects light,
• specifically,”the Light
of God”
History
• Prior to the invention of the printing
press, books had to be made by hand.
• These manuscripts were produced by
skilled craftsman; the scribe
calligraphed the test and various artists
decorated the manuscript.
• Illuminators, had varied social status.
Most were humble craftsmen but the
best held the rank of court artists
(protectors).
“Age of Faith”
• During the Middle
Ages owning a
manuscript was
considered a status
symbol, wealthy
• It also helped spread
Christianity by giving
uniformed information
• Most books were
Bibles,Psalters, Books
of Hours and
Breviaries
Pictures of the World 14th
Century
Patrons of the arts….
• One example of a
“protector” of the arts is
John of France, duke of
Berry
• A lover of luxury, he
amassed a great
collection of art and
manuscripts, including;
“Petites Heures”, “Belles
Heures” and “Tres Riches
Heures”
Insular Art
• Example: The Book of
Kells is a copy of the
four Gospels in Latin.
• interlaced shapes and
ornamental details
Illuminated letter & Border
Picture
• It should be
colouful and
unique
• It can be separate
from the text or
imbedded in the
text
• Used for telling
the story as not
everyone could
read
Calligraphy
• Should have
words done in
calligraphy
• Was done by
priest
Mosaics Defined
• A mosaic is a form of
decorative art, in which
small tiles-the materials
commonly used are marble
or other stone, glass, pottery
(known as tesserae,
diminutive tessellae), mirror
or foil-backed glass, or
shells, are used to create a
pattern or picture.
• It was used in ancient times
for domestic interior
decoration,
• In the middle ages in
churches (religious scenes)
• Byzantine art
• In the Middle Ages it
was found in churches
• used for learning and
for propaganda,
• The rulers would often
put themselves in the
work to show their
dedication to God
• symbolizes the might
of Christian rule within
the Roman empire
Theodoric, Ravenna, city of mosaic:
5th - 6th century AD
Islamic Mosaics
Today
• You can see mosaics
in homes as backsplashes, floors or
decorative art.
• You will also see them
in government
buildings on the floors
or walls
Stained Glass Windows
• Mural paintings were
gradually replaced in
favor of stain glass.
• New Gothic
Architectural style
which allowed for
large stained glass
windows in the
Cathedrals
• Colored glass would be cut
by a hot iron.
• Then details would be
painted on the glass with
black enamel paint.
• The glass would be heated
to bake the enamel onto
the glass.
• The pieces would then be
put together with a strip of
lead to hold the glass
pieces together.
An early 15th-century
roundel of Reynard the
Fox.
• In the early MA the only
colours available in the
were saffron-yellow,
purplish-red, green, blue
and copper-red.
• After 1300 silver
solder/flux? (Silberlot)
was also available,
which allowed for a new
range of colours, for
example light yellow and
reddish-yellow. The
colours were melted
onto the glass.
The Virgin Annunciate c.1340
• The illustrated
manuscripts provided
the design ideas for
many of the windows.
• Many of the windows
were in 12 large sections
which may have
represented the 12
apostles.
Since most people could
not read, the use of
stained glass windows
did more than add light
and beauty. The
church used them as
an effective way to
teach people about
religion.
Today you can see
stain glass windows
in churches, homes
and important public
buildings like libraries
and government
buildings
• Rose Window, National
Cathedral, Washington
D.C
Art Styles in the Middle Ages
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Early Christian
Christian
Pre-Romanesque
Romanesque
Byzantine
Gothic
Celtic
Islamic
Romanesque Architectural Style
 Rounded Arches.
 Barrel vaults.
 Thick walls.
 Darker, simplistic interiors.
 Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.
Byzantine Architectural Style
•Dome on 4 piers
•Decorative interiormosaics and frescoes
•covered porch (narthex)
•nave typically has three
aisles with the dome
above the central square
space
•Thick walls
•Small windows
Gothic Architectural Style
 Pointed arches.
 High, narrow
vaults.
 Thinner walls.
 Flying buttresses.
 Elaborate, ornate,
airier interiors.
 Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses
• The MIDDLE AGES was once called
Medieval, Dark Ages and Age of Faith.
• The Middle Ages spanned over thousands
of years. It basically could be divided into
three periods, the Early Middle Ages(4501000), the High M. A.(1000-1200) and the
Late Middle Ages. (1200-1500)
• Approximately 450- 1400
Lifestyle
• During the Middle Ages the main form of
rule was the “feudal system”
• Communities formed around a keep or a
castle were the nobles would protect them
in exchange for work
• Peasants were owned by the Nobles
• Nobles sometimes owned more than one
land so they had vessels to run some of
their castles (they would be lower nobles)
Home
• They common people
lived in one room homes
that were cold and dark
• The rich had homes
much like today, richly
decorated with tiled
floors, tapestries, etc
• The women were
responsible for the home
• They ate natural foods
(serfs mostly vegetables
rarely meat)
Careers
• First sons inherited, but other sons could
become priests, or trades or mercenaries
• Women ran the homes, joined the church
very few had jobs outside the home
• Medicine, teaching and legal matters were
done mostly by the priest or nuns
• Late middle ages saw the emergence of
trade and industry
Religion
• The church was very powerful
during the Middle Ages
• They had land, money and
power (often advising the
king)
• Bishops were from rich
families
• The priest and nuns had
parishes or monasteries were
they could educate or heal the
people
• They often took vows of
poverty
High Middle Ages
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Norman Invasion
Crusades
Magna Carta
Castle building
Cathedrals
Beginning of towns
Knights
• Sons of nobles began training at an early
age for knighthood
– Page – at 7 they were sent to another lord to
be trained
– Squire – at 14 they act as a servant to a
knight
– Knight- at 21 they become a knight and gain
experience in local wars and tournaments
Late Middle Ages
• As commerce grew, towns and cities grew
• The Feudal system was lost to powerful
merchant class
• Beginning of the British Parliament (1400)
• Overcrowding led to diseases and plague
• Learning became less religious and more
secular
• Printing press developed
• Catholic church losing power