Transcript The Rise of Feudalism in Europe

The Rise of
Feudalism in Europe
during the Middle Ages
The Middle Ages or Medieval Period
( 500 CE -1500 CE.)
Barbarian
Invasions
cause the
Fall of the
Western
Roman
Empire
Rise of
New
Kingdoms/
States
that are
not united
New
Kingdoms
are unable
to protect
themselves
from
Barbarian
Invasions,
causing a
need for
localized
Protection
The
Rise of
Feudalism
in Europe
Feudal Europe Power Pyramid
The Pope
King
Lords/Nobles
Knights
Peasants
Social Influences
• Chivalry - the combination of qualities
expected of an ideal knight, esp courage,
honour, justice, and a readiness to help
the weak
• Example – The Rules of Courtly Love,
Code of Chivalry
Code of Chivalry
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Live to serve King and Country.
Live to defend Crown and Country and all it holds
dear.
Live one's life so that it is worthy of respect and
honor.
Live for freedom, justice and all that is good.
Never attack an unarmed foe.
Never use a weapon on an opponent not equal to
the attack.
Never attack from behind.
Avoid lying to your fellow man.
Avoid cheating.
Avoid torture.
Obey the law of king, country, and chivalry.
Administer justice.
Protect the innocent.
Exhibit self control.
Show respect to authority.
Respect women.
Exhibit Courage in word and deed.
Defend the weak and innocent.
Destroy evil in all of its monstrous forms.
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Crush the monsters that steal our land and rob our
people.
Fight with honor.
Avenge the wronged.
Never abandon a friend, ally, or noble cause.
Fight for the ideals of king, country, and chivalry.
Die with valor.
Always keep one's word of honor.
Always maintain one's principles.
Never betray a confidence or comrade.
Avoid deception.
Respect life and freedom.
Die with honor.
Exhibit manners.
Be polite and attentive.
Be respectful of host, women, and honor.
Loyalty to country, King, honor, freedom, and the
code of chivalry.
Loyalty to one's friends and those who lay their trust
in thee.
Rules of Courtly Love
What is Love?
Love is an inborn suffering proceeding from
the sight and immoderate thought upon the
beauty of the other sex, for which cause
above all other things one wishes to
embrace the other and, by common assent,
in this embrace to fulfill the commandments
of love.
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Marriage is no excuse for not loving.
He who is not jealous can not love.
No one can be bound by two loves.
Love is always growing or diminishing.
It is not good for one lover to take anything against the will of the other.
A male cannot love until he has fully reached puberty.
Two years of mourning for a dead lover are prescribed for surviving lovers.
No one should be deprived of love without a valid reason.
No one can love who is not driven to do so by the power of love.
Love always departs from the dwelling place of avarice.
It is not proper to love one whom one would be ashamed to marry.
The true lover never desires the embraces of any save his lover.
Love rarely lasts when it is revealed.
An easy attainment makes love contemptible; a difficult one makes it more
dear.
Every lover turns pale in the presence of his beloved.
When a lover suddenly has sight of his beloved, his heart beats wildly.
But wait there’s more!
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A new love expels an old one.
Moral integrity alone makes one worthy of love.
If love diminishes, it quickly leaves and rarely revives.
A lover is always fearful.
True jealousy always increases the effects of love.
If a lover suspects another, jealousy and the effects of love increase.
He who is vexed by the thoughts of love eats little and seldom sleeps.
Every action of a lover ends in the thought of his beloved.
The true lover believes only that which he thinks will please his beloved.
Love can deny nothing to love.
A lover can never have enough of the embraces of his beloved.
The slightest suspicion incites the lover to suspect the worse of his beloved.
He who suffers from an excess of passion is not suited to love.
The true lover is continuously obsessed with the image of his beloved.
Nothing prevents a woman from being loved by two men, or a man from
being loved by two women.
Key words Essential to
Feudalism
• Feudalism- (Fyoo-duh-lih-zuhm) A
system of PROTECTION in the
Middle Ages.
• Vassal- An agreement between
lords & knights that stated that
they would protect the land.
Knights were called their lords
“vassals”.
Popes
• Leader of
Church
• Popes were
seen as
representatives
of God on Earth.
Kings
• Leader of
Kingdoms/ States
• All lords/nobles
and knights swore
an oath of loyalty
to the king to
protect the land.
Nobles/Lords
• Swore loyalty to
the king and
were given land
called “fiefs” to
protect
Knights
• Armored warriors
that protected
the land.
• They often
received “fiefs”
for their service.
Peasants
• Worked on the
lords land
Protection from who?
1. The Vikings invaded
from Scandinavia- They
were quick and savage. They
attacked Ireland, England and
France. They looted and
captured people to sell into
slavery. Most Europeans lived
in terror of them
2. The Magyars from Asia
3. The Muslims (from
South)
Vikings, Muslims and Magyars Invasion Map
Charlemagne
• Charlemagne was first
crowned the king of the
Franks
• Later, in 800 CE he was
crowned by the POPE
Leo III as the king of the
Holy Roman Empire.
• This enraged the Eastern
Byzantines because their ruler
was not selected
• The Church and Charlemagne
depended on each other. The
Pope needed the support of
his army to protect the church,
Charlemagne gained support
from his people because he
was viewed as having “god on
his side”
Charlemagne Continued
• Through wars of
conquest he united
European tribes into one
single empire.
• He showed them that
they have similar values
like Christianity, allowing
them to see themselves
as Europeans not as tribe
members.
By Rafael: the Coronation of
Charlegmagne
The Culprits
The Famine of 1315-1317
 By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all
the land they could cultivate.
 A population crisis developed.
 Climate changes in Europe produced three
years of crop failures between 1315-17
because of excessive rain.
 As many as 15% of the peasants in some
English villages died.
 One consequence of
starvation & poverty
was susceptibility to
disease.
1347: Plague Reaches
Constantinople!
The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemic Form:
almost 100%
mortality rate.
From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411
Lancing a Buboe
The Disease Cycle
Flea drinks rat blood
that carries the
bacteria.
Bacteria
multiply in
flea’s gut.
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and
regurgitates blood
into human wound.
Flea’s gut clogged
with bacteria.
Medieval Art & the Plague
Medieval Art & the Plague
Bring out your dead!
Medieval Art & the Plague
An obsession
with death.
Boccaccio in The Decameron
The victims ate lunch with their
friends and dinner with their
ancestors.
The Danse Macabre
Attempts to Stop the Plague
A Doctor’s
Robe
“Leeching”
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Flagellanti:
Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Pogroms against the Jews
“Jew” hat
“Golden Circle”
obligatory badge
Death Triumphant !:
A Major Artistic Theme
A Little Macabre Ditty
“A sickly season,” the merchant said,
“The town I left was filled with dead,
and everywhere these queer red flies
crawled upon the corpses’ eyes,
eating them away.”
“Fair make you sick,” the merchant said,
“They crawled upon the wine and bread.
Pale priests with oil and books,
bulging eyes and crazy looks,
dropping like the flies.”
A Little Macabre Ditty (2)
“I had to laugh,” the merchant said,
“The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled;
“And proved through solemn disputation
“The cause lay in some constellation.
“Then they began to die.”
“First they sneezed,” the merchant said,
“And then they turned the brightest red,
Begged for water, then fell back.
With bulging eyes and face turned black,
they waited for the flies.”
A Little Macabre Ditty (3)
“I came away,” the merchant said,
“You can’t do business with the dead.
“So I’ve come here to ply my trade.
“You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…”
And then he sneezed……….!
The Mortality
Rate
35% - 70%
25,000,000
dead !!!
What were the
political,
economic,
and social effects
of the Black