Transcript The Development of Feudalism in Western Europe

The Development of
Feudalism in Western Europe
EQ: How well did feudalism establish order in
Medieval Europe?
Western Europe During the
Middle Ages
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Barbarians invade
Western Roman
Empire and set up
separate kingdoms
ruled by different
barbarian tribes.
Clovis defeats last
great Roman army
sets up kingdom in
France; helps lead
the Franks into
Christianity.
An account of Clovis' conversion, provided by the
Christian church historian Gregory of Tours (c.539594) in his History of the Franks
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Clovis took to wife Clotilde, daughter of the king of the Burgundians
and a Christian. The queen unceasingly urged the king to
acknowledge the true God, and forsake idols. But he could not in any
wise be brought to believe until war broke out with the Alemanni. . . .
The two armies were in battle and there was great slaughter. Clovis'
army was near to utter destruction. He saw the danger . . . and raised
his eyes to heaven, saying: Jesus Christ, whom Clotilde declares to be
the son of the living God, who it is said givest aid to the oppressed
and victory to those who put their hopes in thee, I beseech thy . . .
aid. If thou shalt grant me victory over these enemies . . . I will
believe in thee and be baptized in thy name. For I have called upon
my gods, but . . . they are far removed from my aid. So I believe that
they have no power, for they do not succor those who serve them.
Now I call upon thee, and I long to believe in thee. . . . When he had
said these things, the Alemanni turned their backs and began to flee.
When they saw that their king was killed, they submitted to the sway
of Clovis, saying . . . Now we are thine.
Conversion of Clovis
Western Europe During the Middle
Ages (continued)
Charlemagne
(Charles the Great)
unifies nearly all of
the Christian lands of
Europe into a single
empire.
► Charlemagne ruled
the Franks from 768
to 814 C.E.
► Charlemagne
rewarded knights
with land and
privileges in return
for military service.
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Western Europe During the Middle
Ages (continued)
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The Roman Catholic
Church’s pope
crowns Charlemagne
the Holy Roman
emperor in 800 C.E.
Charlemagne’s reign
brought a degree of
civilization to Europe
that had been
missing since the fall
of the Roman
Empire.
Western Europe During the Middle
Ages (continued)
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Vikings, Magyars,
and Muslims attack.
After Charlemagne’s
death, Europe
needed a way to
defend itself.
The system of
feudalism gradually
develops.
Feudalism was based
on the need for
protection.
Medieval Society
oratores: those who pray
bellatores: those who fight
laborares: those who work
Feudal Hierarchy
Feudalism: Establishing Order
Monarchs During Feudal
Times
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Monarchs believed in
the divine rights of
kings.
Monarchs gave fiefs
to vassals in
exchange for loyalty
and service.
The most important
quality in feudalism
was loyalty.
Dukes were below
kings in the feudal
hierarchy.
Monarchs During Feudal Times
(cont.)
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William the
Conqueror brings
feudalism to
England, after his
victory in the Battle
of Hastings in 1066.
Lords and Ladies During Feudal Times
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Nobles lived on
manors with castles
and moats.
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It was the lord’s
responsibility to
manage and defend
his manor and to act
as a judge.
Ladies were
responsible for
raising and training
their children and
overseeing the
household.
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Marriage
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Marriages were
usually to gain land
or property.
Marriages were often
arranged by parents.
Sometimes children
were only 4 or 5
years old when they
were married.
The bride’s family
would pay a dowry.
Unmarried women
were often forced
into convents.
Marriage (continued)
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Women and children were
the property of the
husband/father.
On certain days, the wife
was required to lie at the
husband’s feet and beg
forgiveness for anything she
had done or had failed to
do. The children would do
the same at their parents’
feet.
Child and wife beating were
common, although some
rules said that the beating
should be reasonable.
Knights
► Armored
knights were
mounted soldiers.
► The code of chivalry
was the set of rules of
behavior that all
knights were expected
to live by.
► At around age 7, a boy
would start training to
be a knight.
Peasants
Peasants did most of
the work but owned
very little.
► Most peasants were
farmers.
► Serfs were tied to
the land, and if one
lord took the land
from another, he got
the serfs too.
► The vast majority of
the population was
peasants.
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The Development of Feudalism in
Western Europe: Review
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Barbarians invade and set up kingdoms
Rome falls
Clovis defeats last great Roman army sets up
kingdom in France; helps lead the Franks into
Christianity.
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Charlemagne unifies nearly all of the Christian lands
of Europe into a single empire.
The Roman Catholic Church’s pope crowns
Charlemagne the Holy Roman emperor.
Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims attack. In response
the system of feudalism develops.
After his victory in the Battle of Hastings in 1066,
William the Conqueror brings feudalism to England.
Feudalism Review Continued
Feudalism was based on the need for protection.
► The most important quality in feudalism was
loyalty.
► Monarchs gave fiefs to vassals in exchange for
loyalty and service.
► Nobles lived on manors with castles and moats.
► Monarchs believed in the divine right of kings.
► Dukes were below kings in the feudal hierarchy.
► Knights wore armor and lived by a code of behavior
called chivalry.
► Peasants worked the land and had very little.
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“The Development of Feudalism
in Western Europe”
Visual Vocabulary
Development of Feudalism in Western Europe
Terms to Know
1. Barbarian
► A person belonging to a
tribe or group that is
considered uncivilized
2. Christianity
► The religion based on the
life and teachings of
Jesus Christ
Development of Feudalism in Western Europe
Terms to Know Cont.
3. Roman Catholic Church
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The Christian church
headed by the pope in
Rome
4. Pope
► The bishop of Rome and
supreme leader of the
Roman Catholic Church
Development of Feudalism in Western Europe
Terms to Know Cont.
5. Monarch
► A ruler; such as a king or
queen
6. Fief
► Land granted by a lord to
a vassal in exchange for
loyalty and service
Development of Feudalism in Western Europe
Terms to Know Cont.
7. Manor
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A large estate, including
farmland and villages,
held by a lord
8. Divine Right of Kings
► The belief that God gives
monarchs the right to
rule
Development of Feudalism in Western Europe
Terms to Know Cont.
9. Noble
► A person of high rank by
birth or title
10. Duke
► The highest type of
European noble; ranking
just below a prince
Development of Feudalism in Western Europe
Terms to Know Cont.
11. Moat
► A deep, wide ditch, often
filled with water
12. Hierarchy
► A system of organizing
people into ranks, with
those of higher rank
having more power and
privileges
Development of Feudalism in Western Europe
Terms to Know Cont.
13. Armor
► A covering, usually made
of metal or leather, worn
to protect the body
during fighting
14. Chivalry
► The medieval knight’s
code of ideal behavior,
including bravery, loyalty,
and respect for women.
Feudalism:
Historical Fiction
Feudalism Research
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Your job is to transport the class into feudal times by writing a
creative story. You choose the characters, create the setting,
create a plot (in other words, create a problem that needs to be
solved) and find a solution to the problem.
The feudal system used a caste system. In order of importance,
the system started with the king, followed by nobles, knights,
clergy, tradesmen and peasants. Each had characteristics that
may be important to your story.
Your first task is to find out about the characteristics of each
rank. You will divide up this task among members of your group.
You will write a minimum of five important facts about your
subject.
Once you are done, share your information with your group.
Groups
► You
will be divided into groups and each group is
responsible for taking notes on one of the social
classes/ranks and then sharing out with your
group. As a group, you will make a poster on your
topic and then share your poster with the class.
► Here are the five topics we will focus on:
 Nobles
 Knights
 Clergy
 Tradesmen
 Peasants
Developing a Character
(You need to develop 3)
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important to think about the background
of the character:
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What is his or her name?
How old is he or she?
Where does the character live?
How would you describe the family? The home?
What is his or her favorite activity? Least favorite?
What is the character proud of?
How would he or she like to be remembered?
What scares the character?
Sample Modern Character List
► BOBBY
HARRIS — age 15, tall for his age,
quarterback for his high school team.
► CASEY JONES — age 16, chubby, awkward and
easily embarrassed.
► ANITA HARRIS — age 16, Bobby’s sister, small, a
quick thinker.
► LENORE CHIPWORTH — age 17, tall, dignified,
serious, with a secret longing to be popular and to
fit in.
► MRS. HARRIS — a parent.
► MR. HARRIS — a parent.
Tips for Writing Fictional Stories
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Writing a story can be as simple as telling your friends
what happened last night at the park. In fact, that may be
exactly what your story is about -— something that really
did happen to you and your friends. At least that’s the way
you will want your story to sound. More than any other
form of creative writing, a story can bring your personal
experiences (or your imaginings) to life in a dramatic way.
The tips that follow should help you transform your best
ideas into exciting dramas worthy of any classroom.
Tips for Writing Fictional Stories:
The Story Writing Process
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first step that you need to know about writing
a story is that it truly is a process of discovery.
You can’t possibly imagine how your story is going
to turn out before you write it. In fact, if you
choose real-life characters based on people you
know, or through research, they will actually write
part of the story for you. All you need to do is put
these characters “on stage,” give them a problem
to overcome, and then imagine what they will say
and do.
Tips for Writing Fictional Stories
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You become as much a reporter taking notes and recording
conversations as a struggling author. Remember this as
you write your story.
 Setting: Describe where and when the story takes place.
 Main problem: What is the main problem faced by the characters in
the story? What do they have to do to overcome this problem?
 Complication: What complication or added problem makes it
difficult for the characters to find a solution to the main problem?
How can this complication help you to add humor or suspense to
your story? What can your characters do or say to help solve or
further complicate the situation?
 Solution: How do the characters finally solve the problem and bring
the story to an end?
 Message: What, if anything, does your story have to “say” about
medieval life to your audience? Is there a moral, a lesson, a point?
Sample Modern Setting
► TIME:
After school on a Wednesday afternoon.
► PLACE: Bobby’s room.
► INTRODUCTION (Visualizations): BOBBY and
CASEY have just come home from school. They
throw their books down on the floor. BOBBY sits
on the bed as CASEY stands before the mirror
admiring himself. BOBBY: (TOSSING PILLOW
INTO AIR AND CATCHING IT) Funny you didn’t
see it. It was right there in the advertising section.
Creative Writing Assignment
► Your story will need to be a minimum of five
paragraphs long.
► You will need to use descriptive language with
a creative story.
► Include the elements of fiction
(problem/solution)
► Include the three characters you developed.
► Have a setting that includes elements of
feudalism and medieval Europe.
► Feel free to add illustrations and be creative.
Plot Diagram
Things you may find on a manor:
•A Castle/manor house
•Pasture for animals to graze w/
animals
•Peasant/serf homes with small
gardens
•A field growing wheat (you can
add additional fields growing olives
or lemons)
 A chapel/church with
cemetery
 Blacksmith
 Wheat mill to harvest your
wheat
 River
 Forest