Transcript Medieval Times - Fort Bend ISD

A LITTLE REVIEW BEFORE CHAPTER 8 LESSON
2 NOTES:
CANDY QUEST
• In what century did Ancient Times end?
5th
• In what year do historians place as the
end of Ancient Times?
476
• What happened in 476 to end Ancient
Times?
the fall of Rome, the capital of the Western
Roman Empire
• What time period follows Ancient Times?
Medieval Times (the Middle Ages)
• To which Christianized tribe did the
Merovingian Dynasty belong?
Franks
• Which government official held the real power
in the Merovingian Dynasty by the 8th century?
the Major Domo (Mayor of the Palace)
• Why is the Battle of Tours significant?
Christians, led by Major Domo Charles Martel,
hammered the Muslims out of France
• How did the Battle of Tours encourage
European Christians?
They believed God was on their side instead of
on the side of Muslims.
• Which ruler began a Carolingian
Renaissance of learning not seen since the
Pax Romana?
Charlemagne
• Which eastern ruler resented Charlemagne
being crowned “Emperor of the Romans?”
the Byzantine Emperor
• What did the pope receive from Pepin the Short
in exchange for Pepin being crowned “King of the
Franks by the grace of God” by the pope?
Papal States
• Where were the Papal States located?
central Italian Peninsula
• What major city then became the center of the
Western Roman (Catholic) Church?
Rome
• What precedent was set when the pope began
to crown kings of Europe?
political power rests more with popes than with
kings
• Why did the Byzantine Emperor resent
Charlemagne?
sole Roman rulers since the split of the Roman
Empire had always been Byzantine Emperors
• Which language do you believe Charlemagne
used to Christianize his subjects & to begin a
cultural rebirth of learning?
Latin
• In what French town did the Treaty of Verdun
end the civil war between Charlemagne’s
grandsons?
Verdun
CHAPTER 8 LESSON 2 NOTES:
FEUDALISM, THE MANOR ECONOMY,
AND THE MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH
I.
Feudalism in Western Europe by A.D. 800s
A. Social system of rigid
class divisions
B. Political system of local government
supported by military defense
C. Economic system based on self-
sufficient manors
II.
Reasons for feudalism
A. No strong, centralized government
following the empire of
Charlemagne
B. A tradition of
culture
Germanic tribal
III.
Feudal Pyramid
King and Church
lords / vassals
knights
serfs
A. King grants an estate called a
fief to a lord who grants sections of his
estate to lesser lords called
vassals
B.
These vassals pledge allegiance &
military service to the lord in a ceremony
called
homage or investiture
C.
Military service is provided by
knights as medieval mounted
war specialists
D.
Peasants, called serfs, farm the
land in exchange for protection
IV.
Vassals’ duties to his lord
A. Provide an army
B. Collect
taxes & bridge tolls
C. Hold courts of (Germanic) justice
1. trial by battle
2. trial by ordeal (severe pain
inflicted to
determine innocence or guilt)
3. trial by compurgation
(character witnesses)
D. Provide aid (housing, ransom, son’s
knighthood, daughter’s wedding)
V.
Knights’ duties to vassals
“dubbing”
A. Fight as feudal soldier, participating in
mock battles called tournaments
[jousting]
B.
Steps to knighthood:
1. page = age
7, serving royal household & learned
the art of
chivalry (code of honorable conduct)
2.
squire = age
15, serving a knight, learning military
techniques, proving himself in battle
3.
knighthood = age
21
by an elaborate, religious ceremony
[fasting for 24 hours before the
ceremony began]
[A knight always pledged his
allegiance to his
three masters:
*his feudal lord,
*his Heavenly Lord, and
*his feudal lady]
VI.
Serfs’ duties to lords:
A. Farm land in exchange for protection =
system of a manor economy
B. Share crops / village goods with
C. Pay free labor tax called the
lord
corvée to lord
D.
Pay tax called the tithe to Catholic
Church
E. Keep the manor (village) self-sufficient
because there is no
protection if one leaves the manor to
trade for
goods elsewhere
VII. The Christian Church’s teachings and
practices shaped the lives of the people
of Europe:
St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome: The largest Christian
Church in the world
A. The Church was a social center
as well as a place of worship.
B.
C.
Priests guided people on issues
of values and morality.
Monks and nuns cared for the poor
and sick, set up schools for children,
and gave food and lodging to travelers.
VIII.
In the centuries after the fall of Rome,
the Church became the most powerful
secular, or worldly, force in medieval
Europe:
A. Medieval popes began to claim papal
supremacy or authority over all
secular (worldly) rulers
B. The medieval Church developed its
own body of laws, known as canon
law,
as well as its own courts called
the Inquisition to search out and try
heretics (anyone who opposes
Church doctrine).
[Torture was sometimes used to convince
“heretics” of their “misguided” beliefs]
C. Anyone who disobeyed canon law
faced a range of penalties such as
excommunication (penalties
placed on individuals) and the
interdict (penalties placed on a
region).
D. The Church also had absolute
power in religious matters.
IX. A number of Church reform
movements spread across Europe:
A. The Benedictine Rule was revived
under which monks and nuns took
vows of obedience, poverty, and
chastity.
B. Pope Gregory VII outlawed
marriage for priests;
prohibited
simony (the selling of Church
offices); and outlawed
usury (the charging of interests on
loans)
C. Francis of Assisi set up the
Franciscan order to teach poverty, humility,
and love of God
patron saint of
animals
D. The Dominican order
devoted itself to teaching official
Roman Catholic beliefs.
Defender of
the Catholic
faith
X.
Jewish
communities existed across Europe:
A. In hard times, Christians persecuted
the Jews as
scapegoats, blaming them for
economic problems, illnesses, and
disasters.
B. Prejudice against Jews, known as
anti-Semitism, became widespread
.
C. In response to growing persecution,
thousands of Jews migrated from
Western to Eastern Europe
How much do you remember…
including info from your assigned reading for Friday
that most of you completed in class yesterday?
1. Which of the following became the greatest
symbol of growth for Europe‘s economic
recovery during the later Middle Ages?
A. the aristocracy
B. cathedrals
C. towns
D. serfdom
C
2. The kind of revolution that occurred in
Europe by the 11th century that would alter
Europe forever was in:
A. agriculture
B. commerce
C. banking
D. construction
A
3. Which of the following would have been a
new way to farm in the High Middle Ages?
A. a water mill to grind grain
B. 3-field system of planting crops
C. a wooden plow to make rows for seeds
D. oxen to pull the wooden plows
B
4. Which of the following led most to a diffusion
of new ideas and goods brought to Europe
from Asia during the High Middle Ages?
A. feudalism
B. a manor economy
C. trade
D. jousting tournaments
C
5. Charlemagne’s initial success came when
A. the pope crowned him Emperor of the
Romans on Christmas Day, 800.
B. his ancestor made the Major Domo
position hereditary.
C. his grandfather, Charles Martel,
prevented the Muslims from conquering
Christian France
D. All of these.
B
6. What was the result of the practice of popes
approving the coronations of European kings?
A. The Papal States could be moved to safer
locations when needed.
B. Byzantine emperors would no longer
support kings in the West.
C. Pepin the Short could take back the Papal
States at any time.
D. Popes appeared to have more political
power than Christian kings.
D
7. The emperor in Constantinople did not accept
Charlemagne’s title of “Emperor of the
Romans” because
A. Byzantine rulers have traditionally been
considered the true rulers of Roman lands.
B. he resented Charlemagne’s methods of
Christianizing his subjects by the sword.
C. the lands Charlemagne was ruling were
not original Roman lands at all.
D. Charlemagne’s heritage was Germanic,
not Roman.
A
8. What was the result of the Treaty of Verdun
in the mid-9th century?
A. Christians believed their God favored
them over the Muslims.
B. The Vikings settled in the Scandinavian
regions of Europe.
C. Not one of Charlemagne’s three
grandsons was strong enough to
defeat the other two.
D. The Holy Roman Empire was first led
by the Carolingian Dynasty.
C
9. Feudal manors were required to be selfsufficient during much of the Middle Ages
because
A. There was never a knight around
when you needed one.
B. The Christian Church forbade leaving
until all tithes were paid.
C. serfs were not literate enough to go
off on their own.
D. there was little or no trade
D
10. Why did feudalism develop in Europe
following the fall of the Western Roman
Empire?
A. Kings divided their lands among
vassals in order to gain more power.
B. There was no longer a strong,
centralized government.
C. The Christian Church demanded that
this system be instituted.
D. All of these.
B
11. How did the Christian Church become the
most powerful secular force in Europe during
the early Medieval Times?
A. The Church was the only civilizing force
in W. Europe once Rome fell to
barbarians.
B. The papacy was the seat of papal
supremacy and authority.
C. The Christian Church had the only
literate people in Europe with their
priests and monks.
D. Popes were more powerful than any one
ruler.
A
12. The Western Christian Church was like a
kingdom for all of the following reasons
except:
A. Its ruler was called “pope”
B. Its law code was called “canon law”
C. It often used trial by battle to determine
innocence or guilt
D. Excommunication and the interdict
were acceptable punishments
C
13. Since usury was a practice forbidden by
the European Church to be used by
Christians, the group that often loaned
money, leading to anti-Semitism, was
A. the towns’ middle class
B. Jewish bankers
C. parish priests
D. lords and vassals
B
14. The
A.
B.
C.
Inquisition was the Christian Church’s
court to search out heretics
measures taken to collect its tithes
method of dealing with a person who
had been excommunicated
D. home for disabled monks and nuns
A
15. Which of these statements is true?
A. Charlemagne was the first Carolingian
emperor.
B. European feudalism was a political,
economic, and social system that
developed from a Germanic culture.
C. The Eastern European Christian Church
was centered in Constantinople.
D. All of these are true.
D