Transcript The Rise of Europe - Moore Public Schools

The Rise of
Europe
Bell Ringer – Copy the Vocab
The Rise of Europe
1. Medieval Civilization
2. Vikings
3. Magyars
4. Germanic Peoples
5. Franks
6. Charles Martel
7. Battle of Tours
8. Reconquista
9. Charlemagne
10.Treaty of Verdun
11.Feudalism
12.Feudal contract
13.Fief
14.Manor
15. Chivalry
16. Knight
17. Medieval Church
18. Priest
19. Monks/Nuns
20. Papal Supremacy
21. Canon Law
22. Antisemitism
23. Revival of trade
24. Tenant Farmer
25. Middle Class
26. Guilds
Dates of the Middle Ages
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Section 1
The Early Middle Ages
Division of the Roman Empire
The Early Middle Ages
During this time, Europe was cut
off from advanced civilizations in
the Middle East, China, and India.
 Eventually, a new European
civilization emerged that blended
Greco-Roman, Germanic, and
Christian traditions: Medieval
Civilization

Muslims advance on Europe
The Germanic Kingdoms
After the fall of Rome, Germanic tribes divided
Western Europe into many small kingdoms.
The Germanic peoples
 were farmers and herders.
 had no cities or written laws.
 elected kings to lead them in war.
 rewarded warrior nobles who swore
loyalty to the king with weapons and loot.
The Franks
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The Franks were the strongest of the
Germanic tribes.
Clovis, king of the Franks, conquered
Gaul and then converted to
Christianity, which became the religion
of the people in Gaul
He gained a powerful ally (Pope) in
the Christian Church of Rome,
Catholicism
Battle of TOURS - OCTOBER 10, 732 AD
By the
(CE)
numbers:
Charles Martel
(Franks)
- 20-30,000 Men
Abdul Rahman
(Muslims)
- Almost 80,000
Men
Losses:
Franks – 1,500
Muslims – 10,000
Charles Martel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8q0PpIUN4g
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Islamic warriors crossed the Pyrenees
Mountains in 732 AD and attempted to
conquer the Franks.
A Frankish general named Charles Martel
defeated the Muslim army.
Battle of Tours (732 AD)- Frankish (Christian)
warriors had a victory over the Muslims.
This victory is considered the beginning of the
reconquista.
The Reconquista was the Christian
reconquest of Europe after the invasion of the
Moors.
Ensured
continuation
Western
Christianity
throughout Europe
Big
Ideathe
Question:
(Copyofand
answer
in short essay)
which
eventually
to North
America
during
the exploration
era
What impact
did spread
the victory
at Tours
have
for Europe
and
and the settling of America.
Christianity?
Christianity in America
Big Idea Question: (Copy and answer in short essay)
What impact did the victory at Tours have for
Europe and Christianity?
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He expanded the Frankish territory under his control
and in 732 repulsed an onslaught by the Muslims.
Victory at Tours ensured the ruling dynasty of Martel's
family, the Carolingians. His son Pepin became the first
Carolingian king of the Franks, and his
grandson Charlemagne carved out a vast empire that
stretched across Europe which became the Holy
Roman Empire.
Ensured the continuation of Western Christianity
throughout Europe which eventually spread to North
America during the exploration era and the settling of
America.
Charlemagne: 742 to 814
• Charlemagne, a
name that means
Charles the Great,
was Charles
Martel's grandson
and the greatest
of the Frankish
kings as well as
the first Holy
Roman Emperor!
The Empire of Charlemagne
Charlemagne helped Pope Leo III by crushing
a rebellion in Rome against the nobles.
 In gratitude, the pope crowned Charlemagne
Emperor of the Romans.
SIGNIFICANCE:
 By crowning a Germanic king successor to the
Roman emperors, the pope revived the ideal of
a united Christian community.
 This action created the Holy Roman Empire!
 This action laid the ground for struggles
between future Roman Catholic popes and
German emperors.

Pope Crowned Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800 AD
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4PI8dEWTGE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyDPJENZOs0
Bell Ringer – 11/3/14
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Utilize the Atlas Map Book on pages 56-57 to copy and
answer the following questions
What was life like for people in the Middle
Ages?
Which Frankish king conquered most of
Western Europe?
According to the map on page 57, What year
did Charlemagne become emperor of the
West?
How many modern day countries did
Charlemagne’s empire extend into? (List them)
Who is the Pope?
The Carolingian Reign
Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843
Charlemagne’s Empire
The Age of Charlemagne
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Charlemagne tried to exercise control
over his empire and create a united
Christian Europe. He helped spread
Christianity to the conquered people
on the fringes of the empire.
Charlemagne revived Latin learning in
his empire and strived to create a
“second Rome.”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyDPJENZOs0
Legacy of Charlemagne
 Extended
Christian civilization
 Further blended German,
Roman, and Christian
traditions
 He set up strong efficient
governments that later rulers
would try to model
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnFctcpZIKM
Invasions After Charlemagne
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After Charlemagne’s death his empire was
split into three by his grandsons in the
Treaty of Verdun.
Muslim forces posed a threat to Europe
Magyars from Russia settled in Europe
Vikings (Germanic) from Scandinavia were
destructive raiders, traders, and explorers.
They settled all over Europe. Leif Erikson
set up a short-lived Viking colony on North
America.
Feudalism and the
Manor Economy
The Emergence of Feudalism
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In the face of invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and
Magyars, kings and emperors were too weak to
maintain law and order.
In response to this need for protection, response to
weak government, and lack of laws; a new political
and social system called feudalism evolved.
Feudalism was a loosely organized system of rule in
which powerful local lords divided their
landholdings among lesser lords. In exchange,
lesser lords, or vassals, pledged service and loyalty
to the greater lord.
Feudal Contract: exchange of pledges between
lords and vassals
Fief: An estate the lord granted to his vassal
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty and military service, mutual obligations.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zO-8f3XpNMg
Feudal Society
Kings
Under the
feudal
system,
everyone
had a welldefined
place in
society.
• Give large land grants to Upper
Lords called fiefs
• Give Protection
• Receives money, military service,
and advice
Upper Lords / Vassals / Nobels
• Give land grants to Lesser Lords
• Give Protection
• Receives money, military service
Knights
• Give land to peasants/serfs
• Receives crops, labor
Merchants / Craftsmen
• Provided Specialized Goods to the
Knights / Nobles / Lords
Peasants / Serfs
• Receives land to farm
• Pays with labor, crops
Medieval Castle
The Manor Economy
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The manor, or lord’s estate or fief, was the
heart of the medieval economy.
Peasants and lords were bound by mutual
obligation (feudal contracts).
The peasant worked for the lord.
In exchange, the peasant received
protection and a small amount of land to
farm.
The Medieval Manor
 Based on
selfsufficiency.
 Early
Middle Age
center for
agricultural
production.
Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at
work
Peasants and Nobles
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Serfs were bound
to the land. They
were not slaves, yet
they were not free.
Serfs made up the
majority of the
population in
medieval society.
Life was very harsh.
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Warfare was a way
of life.
Many trained from
boyhood to be
knights, or
mounted warriors
Fought for Lord,
feudal lord, and
chivalry
Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior
Trained from boyhood
for the occupation of
a Knight, or mounted
warrior.
As feudal warfare
decreased, knights
would compete in
tournaments, or mock
battles.
“Stepping Out”
Before the Bell
- Climb these stair first!
Bell Ringer – Map book pages 60-61
11/11/14
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Copy and Answer the following Questions
What did the a lord or local leader need to
protect his land?
How long did the Holy Roman Empire
survive?
Who were the nobles?
What were the roles of the monks and
priests?
What were the roles of the serfs?
The Medieval
Church
The Church and Medieval Life
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The medieval church was a social center as well as a
place of worship.
Christian rituals and faith were part of the fabric of
everyday life (sacraments).
Priests guided people on issues of values and morality.
Church required people to pay a tithe (10% of their
income).
Monks and nuns cared for the poor and sick, set up
schools for children, and gave food and lodging to
travelers.
Friars were monks who did not live in a monastery, but
traveled and preached to the poor.
A Medieval Monk’s Day
The Power of the Church
Grows
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In the centuries after the fall of Rome, the
Church became the most powerful secular,
or worldly, force in medieval Europe
Medieval popes began to claim papal
supremacy, or authority over all
secular(worldly rulers/kings) rulers.
The medieval Church developed its own
body of laws, known as canon law, as well
as its own courts. Anyone who disobeyed
canon law faced a range of penalties.
The Church also had absolute power in
religious matters.
Religious Authority
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Excommunication: Pope forbade
people to receive sacraments or a
Christian burial
Interdict: an order excluding an entire
town, region, or kingdom from
receiving some sacraments or a
Christian burial
Jews in Europe
Jewish communities existed across
Europe.
 In hard times, Christians persecuted
the Jews, blaming them for economic
problems, illness, and disasters.
 Prejudice against Jews is called
anti-semitism.
 In response to growing persecution,
thousands of Jews migrated from
Western to Eastern Europe.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7cUuxh3CYY
Economic Expansion
Revival of Trade
Agricultural Revolution
New farming technologies
iron plow
harness
windmill
three-field system
Increase in food production
Population explosion
Between 1000 and 1300, the population of
Europe doubled.
Revival of Trade in Europe
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Europe’s
growing
population
needed
goods that
were not
available to
them.
As foreign
invasions
and feudal
warfare
declined,
trade
increased
Commercial Revolution
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The revival of trade led to a revolution in
commerce(trade and money being
exchanged)!
As trade revived, merchants needed money to
buy goods. The reintroduction of money led
European merchants to develop new business
practices, such as:
– setting up banks
– joining together to set up partnerships
– developing insurance
– adopting the bill of exchange
Social Changes
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The commercial revolution not only
transformed the medieval economy, it also
reshaped medieval society.
The use of money undermined serfdom. Most
peasants became tenant farmers or hired
farm laborers who kept a small plot of land and
a small home.
In towns, a new middle class of merchants,
traders, and artisans emerged.
The Church forbade Christians from becoming
moneylenders. Since Jews were barred from
other professions, many took on this role.
Medieval Universities
Guilds
In medieval towns, merchants and artisans
formed associations called guilds.
 Merchant guilds appeared first. They
dominated town life, passing laws, levying
taxes, and making other important decisions.
 A craft guild was made up of workers in a
particular occupation.
 To prevent competition, only a certain number
of people could work in any trade.

Guilds
Becoming a guild member
involved many years of hard work.

Commercial Monopoly(Many businesses together):
 Controlled membership
apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman
 Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].
 Controlled prices
Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop
Crest of a Cooper’s Guild
“Stepping Out”
Before the Bell
- Climb these stair first!
Church in Medieval Times
(List 2/3 examples in diagram)
Daily
Life
The
Medieval
Church
Worldly
Power
Feudalism