Transcript bYTEBoss Equine Glossarydipa

Objective:
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Know the Proper terms to use when
talking about horses.
Be able to recognize some of the
different color patterns of horses.
Horse Terms
Monday Morning Disease
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Equine exertional
rhabdomyolysis/
Azoturia/ Tying up
loins and quarters
harden resulting in
cramps and muscular
stiffness when
exercised
Hard working horse
gets rest
Hindquarters:
Rear of flank –
top of tail – top
of gaskin
Pronounced croup: jumper’s bump
Barrel
Hind
cannon:
shank
•
•
•
•
•
Highest point: poll
Weakest part of back: loin behind saddle
Top of hindquarter hip – tail: croup
Hock – Stifle: Gaskin
Withers: horse’s height is measured
Fistulous Withers
(ridge btw shoulder
blades):
Inflammation of
bursa
• Bony part
of tail
where
hair
grows:
DOCK
terms
Drive horse harnes
Farrier
Skilled
Craftsperson who
Shoes horses
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• Shoes distributes the weight of the limb over a larger surface
area and moves the breakover point further back on the foot
• Shoes reduce the stress on the lamellar tissue along the front
of the foot while consistently supporting the sole of the foot
Laminitis

Transient ischemia:
coagulopathy
 breakdown and
degeneration between
the horny and sensitive
laminae
Illustration by Dr. Gheorghe
Constantinescu
Laminitis stance/ Founder
Hoof
Fungal/bacterial infection
in cleft of frog
Frog: rubber pad on the sole, shock absorber
Mare
Female horse 4 yrs and older (after 3rd
birthday)
 Usually
after
having an
offspring.

Filly
Young female horse
< 4 yrs old (2-3 yrs old)
 Female foal: Filly foal
 Feathering
 Yearling: Colt or filly
btw 1-2 yrs
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Brood Mare
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Mare that is used strictly for breeding
Stallion
Male horse
 STUD
 Uncastrated
male horse
 Also called
Entire
 Intact male
after 3rd birthday
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Colt
Young male horse
 Uncastrated
Male horse 4yrs
Old (2-3 yrs old)

Gelding
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Male horse castrated before reaching
sexual maturity
Foal
Young Horse
male or female
 Birth – weaning:
4-7 months
 Up to 1 yr old
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Colt
filly
gelding (castrated)
Jack
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Male donkey
Jennet (Jenny)
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Female donkey
HYBRIDS
Mule
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Offspring of a mare
mated to a jack
More common than
hinney
All male mules and
most female mules
are infertile
Hinney
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Offspring of a jenny mated to a stallion
Zony
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Offspring of a pony mated to zebra
stallion
Zorse
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Offspring of a stallion zebra mated to a
mare
Hand
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Unit of measurement for horses
A hand is equal to 4 inches.
The height of a horse is
measured at the withers.
Light Horses
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Most horses, usually
riding breeds; small
bones and thin legs
Above 14.2 hands
900 – 1200 lbs.
AQH, Arabian,
Thoroughbreed,
Morgan, Standarbreed,
Tennessee walking….
Draft Horses
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Was developed in
Northern Europe as
war horses
Above 16 hands
1,500 – 2,500 lbs
Large bones and thick
Percheron,
Clydesdale, Belgian
Pony
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A breed of horse
that is under 14.2
hands.
<800 lb.
Welsh, Pony of
Americas, Shetland
Breed registries with color
requirements
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Color is not breed
Pinto, Palomino, Buckskin, American
paint horse, Appaloosa and Friesian are
breeds with distinct color
Horse Colors
Horse Colors Continued
Bay
Red – reddish brown, with black mane and tail
Brown
Black and tan
Sorrel
Reddish brown – brownish orange with
same color mane with lighter
extremities (if only red: chestnut)
Dapple Gray
"dapples", which
are dark rings with
lighter hairs on the
inside of the ring,
scattered over the
entire body of the
animal
Paint
Spotted
Palomino
Pale cream – gold with whitish
mane and tail
Pinto
• White with
patches
of another color
• Piebald:
white/black
• Skewbald: white
with any color
except black
Light yellowish with black tail and mane
Buckskin
White
Roan
Base color: red,
black or brown
with white hair
that give
speckled look,
usually darker in
head and lower
legs
Chestnut
Dark red or
brownish
red
Brindle horse
Patient Identification
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Signalment
Breed, coat color
Point markings
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6: 4 legs, head, tail
Standardization is limited:
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Sock – stocking?
Coronet – pastern?
Draw/ camera
Star
A star is any white
marking on the
forehead of the
horse.
A star can be small,
large, regular or
irregular in shape, in
the center of the
forehead or off to
the left or right side
of the forehead.
Stripe or Strip (small
marking)
A stripe or strip is a white marking on
the bridge of the horse's nose, below
the level of the eyes and above the
level of the nostrils
Connected Star and
Stripe
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A star is often connected to
a stripe and is described as a
connected star and stripe.
A stripe or strip can be long,
short, wide, narrow,
centered on the face of the
horse or off to the left or
right side.
Snip
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A snip is any white
mark that is located
between the nostrils of
the horse.
A snip may be small,
large, centered or
extend into one or both
nostrils. A snip is often
connected to a stripe,
and many times with a
star and stripe.
Blaze
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A blaze is a wider
white marking that
usually covers the
region of a star,
stripe and snip, but
extends to the width
of the bridge of the
horse's nose.
Bald
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Bald face with white extending
to lower lip.
A bald face is a very
wide blaze that
extends to and may
cover the eyes,
nostrils, and upper
lip
Distal limb joints
Fetlock joint:
Lowest joint on
the horse’s leg
Pastern: connect
hoof to fetlock
Shorter cannon
bones better
conformation
(shanks)
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Heel.-Horses will
commonly have a white
marking that covers one
or both heels.
Coronet.- White
covering the coronary
band or coronet
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Half Pastern White
extending approximately
half way up the pastern
Pastern A white marking
which includes the entire
pastern.
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Fetlock or Ankle A
white marking that
extends to and covers the
fetlock.
Sock A white marking
that extends half way up
the front or rear cannon.
Often called a Half
Stocking
Stocking A white
marking that extends
from the coronet to the
knee or hock
References
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http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/
http://www.thehorse.com/Glossary.aspx?L=A
http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/resourcesmag/summer98
/one_horse.html
http://www.horsecolor.com/basics/starting_point.htm
http://www.vet.upenn.edu/Research/BasicandClinical
Research/SpeciesBasedResearch/LaminitisInstitute/La
minitisFAQs/tabid/1322/Default.aspx
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfil
e=htm/bc/90722.htm
http://www.aaep.org/laminitis.htm