Transcript fastest processor

SECTION 4B
CPUs Used in
Personal Computers
This lesson introduces:
• A Look Inside the Processor
• Microcomputer Processors
• Parallel Processing
• Extending the Processor's Power
to Other Devices
CPUs Used in Personal Computers –
Intel Processors
•
Since 1978, Intel's processors have evolved from the
8086 and the 8088 to the 80286, 80386, and 80486, to
the Pentium family of processors. All are part of the
80x86 line.
•
Intel's Pentium family of processors includes the
Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium with MMX, Pentium
II, Pentium III processors.
•
The earliest Intel processors included only a few
thousand transistors. Today's Pentium processors
include 9.5 million transistors or more.
Intel’s
Pentium III
processor
CPUs Used in Personal Computers –
AMD Processors
• Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) was long known as a
provider of lower-performance processors for use in
low-cost computers.
• With its K6 line of processors, AMD challenged Intel's
processors in terms of both price and performance.
• With the K6-III processor, AMD broke the 600 MHz
barrier, claiming the "fastest processor" title for the
first time in IBM-compatible computers.
The AMD K6-III
processor
The Cyrix
Processor
CPUs Used in Personal Computers –
Motorola Processors
• Motorola makes the CPUs used in Macintosh and
PowerPC computers.
• Macintosh processors use a different basic structural
design (architecture) than IBM-compatible PC
processors.
• With the release of the G3 and G4 PowerPC processors,
Macintosh computers set new standards for price and
performance.
Apple’s G4 computers are
based on Motorola processors
CPUs Used in Personal Computers
-Parallel Processing
•
In parallel processing, multiple processors are used in a
single system, enabling them to share processing tasks.
•
In a massively parallel processor (MPP) system, many
processors are used.
•
Some MPP systems utilize thousands of processors
simultaneously.
Extending the Processor's Power
to Other Devices
•
Ports
•
Expansion Slots and Boards
Extending the Processor's Power
to Other Devices – Ports
•
External devices—such as those used for input and
output—are connected to the system by ports on the
back of the computer.
•
PCs feature a number of built-in ports, which are
ready to accept devices such as a printer, mouse,
keyboard, phone line, microphone and speakers,
and others.
•
Most computers come with a serial port and a
parallel port. A serial port transmits one bit of data
at a time with a UART chip; a parallel port
transmits data one byte at a time.
Extending the Processor's Power
to Other Devices – Ports
• Newer bus technologies such as Universal
Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE 1394 enable
many devices to be connected to one port.
• Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
is an older standard for extending the bus
to multiple devices through a single port.
Adding Other Devices –
Expansion Slots and Boards
•
If the PC does not have a port for an external device,
you can install an expansion board into one of the
empty expansion slots.
•
A board provides the correct port for the new device,
and connects the device to the CPU by way of the
computer's expansion bus.
Adding Other Devices –
Expansion Slots and Boards
•
PC Card
•Initially called a Personal Computer Memory Card
International Association (PCMCIA) card
•Categories: Type I, Type II, and Type III
•
Plug and Play
•Without plug and play: must manually resolve the
conflicts between the new hardware and other
components
Section 4b Review
•
Name the three best-known families of CPUs and list
their differences.
•
List all the processors in Intel’s 80x86 line of processors.
•
Differentiate the processors used in Macintosh and
IBM-compatible PCs.
•
Identify one advantage of using multiple processors in
computers.