Transcript Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th edition

Computer Concepts – Illustrated
8th edition
Unit I: The Computer Industry and Careers
Objectives
Take a look at early computers
Introduce IT industries
Market IT products
Introduce IT careers
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
2
Objectives (continued)
Explore IT Jobs
Explore IT education and certification
Find an IT job
Use the Internet in your job search
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
3
Taking a Look at Early Computers
Manual calculators
 Abacus
 Napier’s Bones: invented in early 1600s
 Slide rule: remained in use through 1960s
Machines that performed calculations
automatically
 First mechanical calculator
 Thomas de Colmar’s Arithmometer
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
4
Taking a Look at Early Computers
(continued)
Calculating devices that operated without
human power
 Analytical Engine
 Hollerith Tabulating Machine
Early computers
 Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
 COLOSSUS
 UNIVAC
 Called first-generation computers
 Used vacuum tubes
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
5
Figure I-1: A slide rule
Figure I-2: Punched cards
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
Figure I-3: Vacuum tubes
6
Taking a Look at Early Computers
(continued)
Second-generation computers
 Used transistors
Third-generation computers
 Integrated circuit technology
 Minicomputers
Fourth-generation computers
 Microprocessors
 Development of personal computers
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
7
Figure I-4: Transistors
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
8
Figure I-5: The IBM PC
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
Figure I-6: The Apple Macintosh
popularized graphical user
interfaces
9
Introducing IT Industries
Computer industry includes:
 Companies that manufacture different types
of computers
 Software publishers
 Peripheral device manufacturers
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
10
Introducing IT Industries (continued)
Information technology (IT) industry
includes:
 Equipment manufacturers
 Chipmakers
 Software publishers
 Service companies
 Computer retailers
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
11
Marketing IT Products
Computer’s life cycle
 Product development
 Product announcement
 Introduction
 Maintenance
 Retirement
Software
 Alpha test
 Beta test
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
12
Figure I-12: Marketing channels
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
13
Introducing IT Careers
Computer professional
 Designs, configures, analyzes, develops,
tests, or ensures the security of computer
hardware or software
Information Technology (IT) department
 Responsible for a company’s computers,
data, software, and support services
IT industry has many contract and
temporary workers
Many workers telecommute
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
14
Figure I-13: Structure of a typical IT department
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
15
Exploring IT Jobs
Examples of jobs in IT departments
 Systems analyst
 Computer programmer
 Security specialist
 Database administrator
 Network specialist/administrator
 Computer operator
 Technical support specialist
 Web site designer
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
16
Exploring IT Jobs (continued)
Examples of computer professionals who
work outside of IT departments
 Technical writer
 Computer salesperson
 Quality assurance (QA) specialist
 Computer engineer
 Manufacturing technician
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
17
TABLE I-2: ITAA job categories and sample jobs
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
18
Exploring IT Education
and Certification
Computer-related degrees
 Offered by colleges and universities
 Computer engineering
 Computer science
 Information systems (IS)
 Information technology (IT)
 Software engineering
Computer-related associate’s degrees
 Offered by colleges, community colleges,
and technical schools
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
19
Exploring IT Education
and Certification (continued)
Advanced degrees
 Master’s degrees
 Doctoral degrees
Certification
 Certificate of completion
 Certification exam
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
20
Exploring IT Education
and Certification (continued)
Categories of certification exams
 General computer knowledge
 Software applications
 Database administration
 Networking
 Computer hardware
 Computer security
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
21
Finding an IT Job
Figure I-22: Job hunting steps
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
22
Finding an IT Job (continued)
Create résumés for:
 Print
 Email
 HTML and XML
Web portfolio
 A hypertext version of a résumé
 Can contain:
• Links to Web sites of past employers
• Schools attended
• Samples of work
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
23
Figure I-24: Ways to post
a résumé
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
24
Using the Internet in Your
Job Search
Can use the Internet to:
 Research potential jobs and employers
 Post résumé
 Locate job leads
 Write to potential employers
Online job bank: database of thousands of
job openings posted by employers
Job search agent:
 Program that automatically searches
databases; notifies you when it finds
relevant jobs
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
25
Figure I-25: Online job bank
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
26
Talking Points: What Are
Professional Ethics?
Defining ethics
 Ethics: study of moral standards and how
they affect our conduct in daily life
 Professional ethics: our on-the-job choices
and actions that reflect our values
Ethics and computers
 Computer professionals:
• Sometimes get pressured to engage in
unethical activities
• Should be familiar with copyright law and the
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
27
Talking Points: What Are
Professional Ethics? (continued)
Acting on ethical issues
 Whistleblowing
• To reducing the risk of career repercussions:
– Examine your motives
– Try the normal chain of command
– Collect evidence to back up your accusations
– Record events as they unfold
– Act ethically
– Be ready to accept repercussions
– Establish a support network
– Consult a lawyer
– Consider your strategy
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
28
Talking Points: What Are
Professional Ethics? (continued)
Privacy and confidentiality issues
 Be familiar with laws and company policy
applicable to privacy
 Be aware of confidentiality issues
Staying ethical
 Code of ethics
• Published by many professional
organizations
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
29
Summary
This chapter introduced:
 Key milestones in computer history
 The computer industry, its companies, and
its products
 Technology careers
 Education required for technology jobs
 Job-searching techniques for technology
jobs
 Ethical issues in today’s information age
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
30