Transcript EAS_IPAWS_Overviewx 485.3 KB

Would You Like An ERAS?
E
Alert
S ystem
+ other alerts?
+
When ERAS messages are transmitted via digital broadcasting to
EAS+ compatible receivers, the time budget depends on various
delays, e.g. satellite hops. However a 2.5 second total time from one
seismometer detecting an earthquake to the public hearing the alert
in their ear appears practical. For the fine print of the details, see the
attachment above the black dot
If the dot is not attached to, see www.globalcom123.com/eas.
EAS+ is an optional feature (not a mandate) for consumer receivers.
EAS+ Overview
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IPAWS, EAS+ and ERAS
Overview
Frank W. Bell 2012-8-16
www.globalcom123.com/eas
Consider EAS+ as a set of compatible
tools for your situation. It is not a one
size fits all approach.
3 Learning Points
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EAS+ is a broadcast alerting and file distribution system
that saves lives, e.g. Samoa, though the features are
limited when only analog broadcasting is available.
 IPAWS is a system of systems for emergency management
using CAP and EDXL protocols. These protocols are
developed by www.oasis-open.org.
 Severe non-human project risks are increasingly becoming
manageable instead of invoking the “Acts of G_d” clause.
Loss of life of project staff to disasters can be mitigated.
Loss of time is also more manageable by allowing time for
mitigation measures when appropriate. A response time of
seconds is useful for tsunamis and for earthquake
mitigation. Processing and transmission time is minimal.
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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Contents
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Introduction
IPAWS (3)
Opinion (2)
Acronyms (2)
Societal Situation
Paradigm and Value Aspect (5)
EAS+ Improvements (6)
EAS+ Protocol (4), Implementation
Conclusion
Appendix on value (3)
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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Introduction
For countries that have MOU with FEMA
 CONELRAD, tubes, relays, alert tone
Mutually Assured Destruction situation
 EBS, transistors, ICs, more versatile
 EAS, microcontroller and EPROM code
 EAS+, microprocessor, application on
OS, digital TV and HD radio, smart
consumer electronics feature
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Integrated Public Alert & Warning
System (IPAWS), current 1
Emergency
Management
Public
Optional
Service
Company
Business
DR Plan
Problems with cost, especially of
work for first responders,
Response time and
Availability.
EAS+IPAWS & ERAS Overview
Projects
Risk
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Integrated Public Alert & Warning
System (IPAWS), computer based
Emergency
Management
Manually, sirens, fire alarms
Emergency
Data Xchange
Language,
Common Alert
Protocol OASIS
Business
DR Plan
Projects
Risk
Optional
Service
vendor
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Public
With IT and other technologies
EAS+IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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Why IPAWS? NIEM Compliance
G.Earth
MIL,
NG
Police
NIMS, Region,
States, Local
UICDS, ICS
WebEOC
-HAVE
Overview
CAP
IPAWS
ERAS
USGS. CISN
NOAA, NWS,
PTWC
Hospitals
911ES
Fire
Ambulance
HHS, CDC,
FDA, HL7,
NPC, etc.
EAS+ Overview
Protocols
IEEE 1512
CAP, TSO, EDXL-DE,
-HAVE, -RM, -TEP,
others.
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IPAWS Introduction - 3
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Digital broadcast
transmission
redundancy for
alerts and files.
Convert EAS+ to
or relay CAP or
EDXL-DE.
ERAS
EAS+ broadcasting,
Cable, telco and
satellite.
Computer networks,
ISP, business & project
Cellphones (WEA)
Emergency
Management
using EDXL
and CAP
protocols
Emergency Telephone
Notification (R911)
Fire/Evacuation
alarms, PA venues,
sirens, vendors,
others
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More Complex
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Opinion -1
Considerable dissatisfaction expressed
at FEMA/FCC summit for EAS
 This Federal and large disaster system is
little used by local EMOs because it is
currently unsuitable and it cannot be
incorporated into exercises
 Original encoder/decoders mostly over
10 years old and due for replacement
 HD radio & digital TV offer possibilities
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Opinion -2
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Terrorists strike locally, but the current large
area architecture is to the advantage of
terrorists impact.
E.g. Canada and other languages (e.g.
Spanish, French) have no provision for local
implementation
Better selectivity to avoid irrelevant messages
Less effort by broadcast staff, perhaps EMO
also
Better integration into program automation and
hence flow.
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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Acronyms - 1
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AMBER Alert Anyone Missing Broadcast Emergency Response,
named after Amber, a kidnapped & murdered child
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange, an 8
bit code for the letters, numbers and other characters
ATSC Advanced Television Standards Committee, the U.S.
digital TV standard
CAP Common Alert Protocol, an XML type of file for sending
alerts
CDCCenter for Disease Control
CISN California Integrated Seismic Network
CMS Crisis Management System
EAS Emergency Alert System
EAS+ A significantly improved version of EAS
EBS Emergency Broadcast System (obsolete)
EDXL-DE Emergency Data Exchange Language – Distribution
Element, another XML file format for emergency messages/files
EDXL-HAVE Hospital Availability status
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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Acronyms - 2
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EDXL-RIM Resource Information Model
EDXL-RM Resource Messaging
EDXL-TEP Transfer Emergency Patients
EMO Emergency Management Office
ENDEC Encoder-DECoder, an EAS/EAS+ device a broadcaster
installs
EPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory, FLASH is
another technology, but is read-write.
ERAS Earthquake Rapid-Alert System, an EAS+ mode
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (USA)
HHS Health & Human Services (medical data standards)
IC Integrated Circuit (silicon chip in laymen's terms)
ICS Incident Command System
IPAWS Integrated Public Alert and Warning System, uses CAP
messages to trigger other alerting systems
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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Acronyms - 3
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HL7 Health Level 7
MIL, NG Military, National Guard
MOU Memorandum Of Understanding
NIEM National Information Exchange Model
NIMS National Incident Management System
NPC National Poison Center
OS Operating System for computer
PA Public Address system at venue or mall
PTWC Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
TSO Tactical Situation Object (EDXL-DE transport)
UICDS Unified Incident Command & Decision Support
WAN Wide Area computer Network
WARSEPS another name for a CAP WAN
WEA cellphone Wireless Emergency Alerts (was CMAS)
EAS+ Overview
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Societal Situation
Separation of Science/Technology and
Religion
 Separation of Church and State
 Limited appreciation of Politics and
Science/Technology of each other
 Disasters ignore all of the above, but the
above make development of solutions
difficult.
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Paradigm and Value aspect
Government Mandate; these may differ
between governments, technically limited
 Standards Based; best technology,
global economics advantage
 Value Based Paradigm; needs market
research and including all stakeholders
 What is the relationship between severity
and frequency of disasters, to decide
value?
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EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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The Primary Thrusts
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The Value Base Paradigm
 Standards-based to realize better technology
and the economics of consumer electronics,
rather than one specification for one country.
 A redefinition of the protocol in binary which is
compatible with ASCII to take advantage of
the possibilities with digital TV and HD radio.
 These three are complementary like the sides
of a triangle. CAP Broadcast future direction.
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Value Based Paradigm
The value of a message is the
Importance of the message times the
number of recipients it is important to,
less the Annoyance of the population
receiving the message who are not
intended recipients.
 This depends on the Event code and the
Customer selection ability to select
important messages.
 Market research is needed
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Value of different technologies
The different technologies can vary by;
 P, the penetration into the coverage area
as a fraction of the population reached at
any time.
 R, the response time of the technology,
earthquakes require rapid response
 F, the maximum frequency of usage
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A Value Graph
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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IPAWS
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Integrated Public Alert Warning System
Common Alert Protocol & EDXL based
Varying alerting technologies, e.g.;
EAS+/ERAS
Cellphone Text Broadcast
Email/texting
Emergency Telephone Notification (R911)
Fire Alarms & PA Systems (& Sirens)
Future delivery to computers of alerts and
publication files (CAP Broadcast mode EAS+)
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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EAS+ improvements over EAS
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Capabilities beyond current CAP and EDXL
standards
Backward compatible with EAS for simple
migration. Old encoder/decoders OK for analog
with software upgrade.
Priority scheme, 1 is immediate override, others
can be scheduled by automation
First responders exercise mode
Future delivery to computers of alerts and
publication files (CAP Broadcast mode EAS+)
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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EAS+ improvements - 2
A tunneling mode possible to replace the
daisy chain so LP audience not receiving
alerts for distant areas.
 Response time in seconds for priority 1,
for an earthquake alerting system, ERAS
 Selectivity by location by county sector or
polygon defined
 Car radios can use polygons with
navigation systems, good for jurisdictions
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EAS+ improvements -3
Selectivity by polygons to 1 yard/meter
resolution (or better)
 Selectivity by receiver category
(vehicles, Intelligent Highway Sign)
 Selectivity by user category (e.g. first
responder)
 Customer adjustable selectivity, by
feature or other (e.g. priority, night shift)
 More Event Codes for local emergencies
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EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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EAS+ improvements -4
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Country code
Language code, and up to six languages of
audio (text via CAP?) e.g. for Braille devices
AMBER Alert pictures
To Fire Alarm/PA systems possible
Multistate broadcast coverage possible for
message routing (e.g. NYC to 3 states)
Automated QC and value calculation with
monitoring receivers and emails
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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EAS+ improvements -5
Standards based architecture means that
consumer electronics manufacturers can
add this as a feature for the small
additional cost. Other countries adopting
this would be aided by the volume
economics of consumer electronics.
 CAP becoming world standard, EDXL is a
standard, EAS+ also is possible
 CAP Broadcast mode for file broadcast,
e.g. maps of flood areas.
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EAS+ improvements -6
An EAS+ message can be used to
regenerate a CAP/EDXL message. This
is useful in the event of CAP distribution
network failure. EAS really can’t do that
 EAS+ compatible encoder/decoders are
already available, with an application
upgrade that also supports the FEMA
CAP to EAS specification available soon
 An EAS+ text protocol is appropriate,
based on closed captioning EIA-708
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EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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The EAS+ Protocol
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( Repeated 3 times) PREAMBLE-ZCZC-ORGEEE-PSSCCC+TTTT-JJJHHMM-LLLLLLLL
The optional polygon string would be inserted
here
1-second pause
8-25 Second Attention Signal
Then spoken content, or video or text.
1-second pause
(Repeated 3 times) PREAMBLE-NNNN
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The EAS+ Protocol -2
ORG is the organization
 EEE is the Event Code
 PSSCCC is the jurisdiction area, this
includes the UN location code as an
option, and defines county sectors and if
or how polygons are to be used
 TTTT is the originating time, and also
has the codes for the secondary, tertiary
and quaternary languages if used
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EAS+ Protocol -3
JJJ The Julian day number of the day as
of UTC.
 The first J also encodes the primary
language
 The second J also encodes the duration
of the audio message
 The third J also indicates if and the
frequency of repetition of broadcast
message
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EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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EAS+ Protocol -4
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HHMM The UTC time of the origination
The tens of hours also indicates the receiver
category
The last H and first M also indicates the mode
as normal or Daisy chain/mesh relay mode
The units of M also indicates the severity and
certainty in CAP
The first L indicates urgency and all L, the
originator
Urgent increases priority by 1 (except 1)
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Implementation
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Every broadcaster, cable TV and telco TV
would need an encoder/decoder with
appropriate receivers and CAP WAN interface
The broadcasters install the encoder/decoder
just before the limiters/legalizers
Interface to compression systems can also be
appropriate
ISPs, Fire Alarms, PA systems, Cell towers
need receivers in the future
Consumer electronics improves with new
products added features, but takes time
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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Implementation of EAS+ mesh
Emergency
Management
using EDXL
and CAP
protocols
Digital TV (or
analog TV with PL
audio for data
modulation) LP1
Another digital TV or
radio station
Other digital
broadcasters
or redundant
path
To others ASAP
HD Radio station or
another digital TV
station. LP2
Analog radio station
alerts, cannot be
used to feed
another broadcaster
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The yellow arrow is alerts or files
 Minimum of 3 stations to begin
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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3 Learning Points - Recap

EAS+ is a broadcast alerting and file distribution system
that saves lives, e.g. Samoa, though the features are
limited when only analog broadcasting is available.
 IPAWS is a system of systems for emergency management
using CAP and EDXL protocols. These protocols are
developed by www.oasis-open.org.
 Severe non-human project risks are increasingly becoming
manageable instead of invoking the “Acts of G_d” clause.
Loss of life of project staff to disasters can be mitigated.
Loss of time is also more manageable by allowing time for
mitigation measures when appropriate. A response time of
seconds is useful for tsunamis and of potential for
earthquake mitigation at the time.
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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Conclusion
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Numerous problems, and numerous solutions
to address them, including market research
Standards for Computer Aided Dispatch &
others can be compatible, IEEE 1512, TSO,
ISO 22301.
Some complementary software appropriate
Deployment will take time, but transistor prices
are falling. Should become an insignificant
extra cost for this consumer electronics
feature. An Appendix on value follows.
www.globalcom123.com/eas for downloads
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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Appendix; Value Based Paradigm
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Must be applicable to all alerting systems
S/Pm  k/f
where S is Severity normalized to deaths, including other factors.
Pm is Population in millions
k is a constant, determined empiricall y
f is the frequency of disasters of this severity
EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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Appendix; Value based equation
v  Ir  A( p  r )
v  value _ of _ message
I  Im por tan ce
r  number _ of _ recipients (that _ are _ relevant )
A  Annoyance _ of _ irrelevant _ message
p  population _ receiving _ message
V  n1 {I ( E)r (n)  A( E, C){ p(n, C)  r (n)}}
n N
EAS+ IPAW ERAS Overview
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Appendix; Value Aspects
Where E is the Event Code
 C is the Customer choice of selectivity
by equipment feature and operation
 Market research is needed to assess
these values
 (apologies for PowerPoint math quality)
 Dr. Rita Kepner has written an excellent
thesis on EAS efficiency.
http://tinyurl.com/eas-dissert
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EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview
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