Transcript What Is a Computer? - UPM EduTrain Interactive Learning

SSK3000
Information Technology and Its Application
Dr Wan Mohd Nur Muzaaliff b Wan Musa
Email: [email protected]
Group : https://groups.google.com/d/forum/ssk3000
SSK3000
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Objectives Overview
Explain why computer
literacy is vital to
success in today’s world
Define the term,
computer, and describe
the relationship
between data and
information
Describe the five
components of a
computer
See Page 3
for Detailed Objectives
Describe the
classification of
computers
Explain the computer
history
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A World of Computers
• Computers are everywhere
Pages 4 - 5
Figure 1-1
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Computer Applications in Society
Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Pages 34 - 36
Figures 1-36 – 1-39
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Computer Applications in Society
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Pages 36 - 38
Figures 1-40 – 1-43
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Examples of Computer Usage
Home User
• Personal financial
management
• Web access
• Communications
• Entertainment
Pages 28 – 31
Figures 1-30 – 1-32
Small Office/Home
Office User
• Look up information
• Send and receive e-mail
messages
• Make telephone calls
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Mobile User
• Connect to other computers
on a network or the Internet
• Transfer information
• Play video games
• Listen to music
• Watch movies
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Examples of Computer Usage
Pages 31 – 32
Figures 1-33 – 1-34
Power User
Enterprise User
• Work with multimedia
• Use industry-specific
software
• Communicate among
employees
• Process high volumes
of transactions
• Blog
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What Is a Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory
Collects data
(input)
Processing
Produces
information
(output)
Stores
results
for future
use
Information Processing Cycle
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What Is a Computer?

Input—entering data into the computer

Processing—performing operations on the data

Output—presenting the results

Storage—saving data, programs, or output for
future use
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What Is a Computer?
Page 6
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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What Is a Computer?
Page 6
Figure 1-2
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Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Pages 9 - 10
Advantages of
Using Computers
Disadvantages of
Using Computers
Speed
Health Risks
Reliability
Violation of Privacy
Consistency
Public Safety
Storage
Impact on Labor Force
Communications
Impact on Environment
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Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated when
using a computer
• Strategies include:
–
–
–
–
Page 10
Recycling
Regulating manufacturing processes
Extending the life of computers
Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Classification of Computers
Personal computers
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Game consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded computers
Page 19
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Personal Computers
• A personal computer can perform all of its input,
processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the
Apple
– Desktop computer
Pages 19 - 20
Figures 1-15 - 1-16
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Mobile
Computer
Pages 20 - 23
Mobile
Device
Personal computer you
can carry from place to
place
Computing device small
enough to hold in your
hand
Examples include
notebook computers,
laptop computers,
netbooks, ultra-thins,
and Tablet PCs
Examples include smart
phones and PDAs, ebook readers, handheld
computers, portable
media players, and
digital cameras
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Notebook computer
Tablet PC
Smart phones and PDAs
E-book reader
Pages 20 - 22
Figures 1-17 – 1-20
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Handheld computer
Portable media player
Digital camera
Pages 22 - 23
Figures 1-21 – 1-23
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Game Consoles
• A game console is a
mobile computing
device designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games
Page 24
Figure 1-24
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Servers
• A server controls access
to the hardware,
software, and other
resources on a network
– Provides a centralized
storage area for
programs, data, and
information
Page 25
Figure 1-25
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Mainframes
• A mainframe is a large,
expensive, powerful
computer that can
handle hundreds or
thousands of connected
users simultaneously
Page 25
Figure 1-26
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Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful
computer
– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing
more than one quadrillion instructions in a single
second
Page 25
Figure 1-27
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Embedded Computers
• An embedded computer is a special-purpose
computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer
Electronics
• Mobile and digital
telephones
• Digital televisions
• Cameras
• Video recorders
• DVD players and
recorders
• Answering
machines
Page 26
Home Automation
Devices
Automobiles
• Thermostats
• Sprinkling systems
• Security
monitoring systems
• Appliances
• Lights
• Antilock brakes
• Engine control
modules
• Airbag controller
• Cruise control
Process Controllers
and Robotics
• Remote monitoring
systems
• Power monitors
• Machine
controllers
• Medical devices
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Computer Devices
and Office Machines
• Keyboards
• Printers
• Faxes
• Copiers
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Embedded Computers
Page 26
Figure 1-28
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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The Components of a Computer
• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and
mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device
Output Device
• Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
• Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
System Unit
• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that
are used to process data
Storage Device
• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage
media
Communications
Device
• Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and
information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
Pages 6 - 8
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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The Components of a Computer
Page 7
Figure 1-3
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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The Components of a Computer
Hardware

Software
Hardware
 The physical parts of a computer
 Can be internal (located inside the system unit) or external (located outside of the
system unit)

Software
 Programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do
Page 7
Figure 1-3
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Computer Hardware: Input / Output Device
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Computer Hardware: Input / Output Device
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Computer Hardware: System Unit
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Computer Hardware

Two main components on the motherboard:
Processor
Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The electronic component that interprets and carries
out the basic instructions that operate the computer
Memory
Consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by
those instructions
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Computer Hardware

What is storage?
Holds
data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
storage media
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Computer Hardware

Floppy disk and USB flash drive
Floppy Disk
USB Flash Drive
Thin,
circular, flexible
disk enclosed in a squareshaped plastic shell
Provides
much
greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk or
Zip® disk
Stores
up to about 1.4
million characters
Small
and lightweight
enough to be transported
on a keychain or in a
pocket
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Computer Hardware

Hard disk
Provides
greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk, Zip disk, or
USB flash drive
Most
are housed inside
of the system unit
Failure
SSK3000
– Head crash
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Computer Hardware

Compact disc
Flat,
round, portable metal disc
CD-ROM
DVD-ROM
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Computer Hardware

Communications device
Hardware component that
enables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions,
and information
Occurs over cables, telephone
lines, cellular radio networks,
satellites, and other
transmission media
SSK3000
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Computer Software
• Software, also called a program, tells the
computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program
Application Software
Pages 15 - 16
Figures 1-10 - 1-11
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Computer Software

What is system software?
Programs
that control or maintain the operations of the computer
and its devices
Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs
that coordinates all
activities among
computer hardware
devices and allows
users to run
application software
Pages 15 - 16
Figures 1-10 - 1-11
Utility Programs allow the user to
perform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Computer Software

Application software
Word
Processing
Spreadsheet
Database
Presentation
Graphics
Pages 15 - 16
Figures 1-10 - 1-11
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Computer Software
Allows
you to interact
with the software using
graphics and icons
Controls how you enter
data and how the screen
displays information
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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Computer Software
• Installing is the process of setting up software to
work with the computer, printer, and other
hardware
Pages 16 - 17
Figure 1-12
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Computer Software
• A programmer develops
software or writes the
instructions that direct
the computer to
process data into
information
Page 18
Figure 1-13
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
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Computer History

The computer that we use now is a fairly recent
invention

The history of computers is often referred to in terms of
generations, from pre-computers and early computers
(before 1945) to fifth generation computers (now and
the future)

Each new generation is characterized by a major
technological development
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Computer History (cont’d)

The first calculating device, which was used 2000
years ago was called abacus

In 1833, Prof. Charles Babbage, the father of
computer, developed a machine called analytical
engine – the base for the modern digital computer

Other early computing devices include the slide rule,
the mechanical calculator, and Dr. Herman Hollerith’s
Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter
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Computer History (cont’d)
Abacus - 1387
Analytical engine - 1837
Slide rule - 1614
Mechanical calculator - 1642
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Punch card tabulating machine
and sorter - 1890
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Computer History (cont’d)

First - Generation Computers (approximately
1946 - 1957)
 The electronic digital computers, which were introduced in
1950's, were using vacuum tubes
 ENIAC
 Was developed during World War II
 UNIVAC
 Released in 1951
UNIVersal Automatic Computer
(UNIVAC)
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Computer History (cont’d)

Second - Generation Computers (approximately
1958 - 1963)
 used transistors
 A small device made of semiconductor material
 Programming languages (FORTRAN and COBOL) were
developed and implemented
 Computers used by military, government and big business
Transistor invented by
Jack Kilby mark the
beginning of the 2nd
generation of computers
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Computer History (cont’d)

Third - Generation Computers
(approximately 1964 - 1970)
 Introduction of integrated circuits (ICs)
 Also know as chips
 Keyboards and monitors were introduced for
input and output
 Magnetic disks were typically used for
storage
 Cheap, fast and reliable
 Used by small business
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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Integrated circuit
was the hallmark of
the 3rd generation
computers
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Computer History (cont’d)

Fourth - Generation Computers
(approximately 1971 - present)
 The invention of the microprocessor in 1971
 Contains the core processing capabilities of an entire
computer on one single chip
 Example: IBM PC and Apple Macintosh
 Input - keyboard and mouse
 Output – monitor and printer
 Storage – magnetic disks and optical disks
4th generation
computers built with
chips
 The development of computer network, wireless
technologies, and the internet
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Computer History (cont’d)

Fifth - Generation Computers (now and the
future)
 Based on artificial intelligence
 Artificial intelligence
 Computers can learn, think and reasoning
 Nanotechnology
 Voice recognition
 Become primary means of input
 Optical computers
 Process data using light instead of electrons
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Computer History (cont’d)
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Summary
Page 39
Computer
application area
and basic
computer concepts
Classifications of
computers
Components of
computers
Computer history
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