Transcript Computers - UPM EduTrain Interactive Learning

CHAPTER 1
BASIC INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
SSK3000/SEMESTER 1 2014/2015
1
Objectives Overview
Explain why computer
literacy is vital to
success in today’s world
Define the term,
computer, and describe
the relationship
between data and
information
Describe the five
components of a
computer
See Page 3
for Detailed Objectives
Describe the
classification of
computers
Explain the computer
history
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A World of Technology
• Because technology
changes, you must keep
up with the changes to
remain digitally literate
• Digital literacy involves
having a current
knowledge and
understanding of
computers, mobile
devices, the Internet, and
related technologies
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Figure 1-1
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Computers
• A computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory
Accepts
data
(input)
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Processing
Produces
information
(output)
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What Is a Computer?

Input—entering data into the computer

Processing—performing operations on the data

Output—presenting the results

Storage—saving data, programs, or output for
future use
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What Is a Computer?
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Data and Information
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Figure 1-11
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The Components of a Computer
• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and
mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device
Output Device
• Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
• Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
System Unit
• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that
are used to process data
Storage Device
• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage
media
Communications
Device
• Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and
information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
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The Components of a Computer
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Figure 1-3
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The Components of a Computer
Memory consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and the data needed by
those instructions
A computer keeps data, instructions, and information on a
storage media
A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items
to and from storage media
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The Components of a Computer
Hardware

Software
Hardware
 The physical parts of a computer
 Can be internal (located inside the system unit) or external (located outside of the
system unit)

Software
 Programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do
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Figure 1-3
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Programs and Apps
• Software, also called a program, tells the
computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program
Application Software
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Figure 1-28
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Programs and Apps
• Installing is the process of setting up software to
work with the computer, printer, and other
hardware
• Once installed, you can run an application so that
you can interact with it
• You interact with a program or application
through its user interface
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Programs and Apps
• A software developer, sometimes called an
application developer or computer programmer, is
someone who develops programs and apps or writes
the instructions that direct the computer or mobile
device to process data into information
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Figure 1-29
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Classification of Computers
• Types of computers include:
Desktop and mobile
computers
Servers and
terminals
Game devices
Page 104
Smartphones, digital
cameras, e-book
readers and portable
media players
Embedded
computers
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Desktops and Mobile Computers
• A personal computer (PC) is a computer that can
perform all of its input, processing, output, and
storage activities by itself and is intended to be
used by one person at a time
• A mobile computer is a portable personal
computer, designed so that a user easily can carry
it from place to place
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Desktops and Mobile Computers
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Figure 3-1
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Desktops and Mobile Computers
• A desktop, or desktop computer, is a personal
computer designed to be in a stationary location,
where all of its components fit on or under a desk
or table
Pages 106 – 107
Figure 3-3
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Desktops and Mobile Computers
• A laptop, also called a notebook computer, is a
thin, lightweight mobile computer with a screen
in its lid and a keyboard in its base
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Figure 3-4
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Desktops and Mobile Computers
• A tablet is a thin, lightweight mobile computer
that has a touch screen
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Figure 3-5
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Desktops and Mobile Computers
• A handheld computer is a computer small enough
to fit in one hand
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Figure 3-7
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Mobile
Computer
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Mobile
Device
Personal computer you
can carry from place to
place
Computing device small
enough to hold in your
hand
Examples include
notebook computers,
laptop computers,
netbooks, ultra-thins,
and Tablet PCs
Examples include smart
phones and PDAs, ebook readers, handheld
computers, portable
media players, and
digital cameras
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Servers
• A server is a computer dedicated to providing one
or more services to other computers or devices on
a network
– Rack server
– Blade server
– Tower server
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Figure 3-8
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Servers
Page 111
Table 3-1
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Servers
• A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful server
that can handle hundreds or thousands of
connected users simultaneously
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Figure 3-9
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Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful
computer — and the most expensive
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Figure 3-10
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Terminals
• A terminal is a computer, usually with limited
processing power, that enables users to send data to
and/or receive information from a server, or host
computer
• A thin client is a terminal that looks like a desktop but
has limited capabilities and components
• Most retail stores use a POS terminal to record
purchases, process credit or debit cards, and update
inventory
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Figure 3-11
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Terminals
• An ATM (automated teller machine) is a selfservice banking terminal that connects to a host
computer through a network
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Figure 3-12
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Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing refers to an environment of
servers that house and provide access to
resources users access through the Internet
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Figure 3-14
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Mobile Devices
• A smartphone is an Internet-capable phone that
usually also includes a calendar, an appointment
book, an address book, a calculator, a notepad,
games, browser, and numerous other apps
• Many smartphones have touch screens. Instead of
or in addition to a touch screen, some have a
built-in mini keyboard on the front of the phone
or a keyboard that slides in and out from behind
the phone
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Mobile Devices
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Figure 3-15
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Mobile Devices
• A digital camera is a mobile device that allows
users to take photos and store the photographed
images digitally
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Figure 3-16
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Mobile Devices
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Figure 3-17
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Mobile Devices
• A portable media player, sometimes called a
personal media player, is a mobile device on
which you can store, organize, and play or view
digital media
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Figure 3-19
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Mobile Devices
• An e-book reader (short
for electronic book
reader), or e-reader, is a
mobile device that is
used primarily for
reading e-books and
other digital
publications
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Figure 3-20
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Game Devices
• A game console is a mobile computing device
designed for single-player or multiplayer video
games
• A handheld game device is a small mobile device
that contains a screen, speakers, controls, and
game console all in one unit
• Game controllers include gamepads, joysticks and
wheels, dance pads, and a variety of motionsensing controllers
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Game Devices
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Figure 3-21
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Embedded Computers
• An embedded computer is a special-purpose
computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer
electronics
Home
automation
devices
Process
controllers and
robotics
Pages 126 - 127
Automobiles
Computer
devices and
office machines
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Embedded Computers
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Figure 3-22
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Putting It All Together
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Table 3-3
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Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Pages 9 - 10
Advantages of
Using Computers
Disadvantages of
Using Computers
Speed
Health Risks
Reliability
Violation of Privacy
Consistency
Public Safety
Storage
Impact on Labor Force
Communications
Impact on Environment
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Digital Safety and Security
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated when
using a computer
• Strategies include:
–
–
–
–
–
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Recycling
Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving features
Regulating manufacturing processes
Extending the life of computers
Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
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Computer Applications in Society
Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Pages 34 - 36
Figures 1-36 – 1-39
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Computer Applications in Society
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Pages 36 - 38
Figures 1-40 – 1-43
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Technology Users
Home User
Small/Home
Office User
Power User
Pages 38 - 39
Mobile User
Enterprise User
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Computer History

The computer that we use now is a fairly recent
invention

The history of computers is often referred to in terms of
generations, from pre-computers and early computers
(before 1945) to fifth generation computers (now and
the future)

Each new generation is characterized by a major
technological development
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Computer History (cont’d)



The first calculating device, which was used 2000
years ago was called abacus
In 1833, Prof. Charles Babbage, the father of
computer, developed a machine called analytical
engine which was the base for the modern digital
computer
Other early computing devices include the slide rule,
the mechanical calculator, and Dr. Herman Hollerith’s
Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter
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Computer History (cont’d)

First - Generation Computers (approximately
1946 - 1957)
 The electronic digital computers, which were introduced in
1950's, were using vacuum tubes
 ENIAC
 Was developed during World War II
 UNIVAC
 Released in 1951
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Computer History (cont’d)

Second - Generation Computers (approximately
1958 - 1963)
 used transistors
 A small device made of semiconductor material
 Programming languages (FORTRAN and COBOL) were
developed and implemented
 Computers used by military, government and big business
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Computer History (cont’d)

Third - Generation Computers (approximately
1964 - 1970)
 Introduction of integrated circuits (ICs)
 Also know as chips
 Keyboards and monitors were introduced for input and
output
 Magnetic disks were typically used for storage
 Cheap, fast and reliable
 Used by small business
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Computer History (cont’d)

Third - Generation Computers (approximately
1964 - 1970)
 Introduction of integrated circuits (ICs)
 Also know as chips
 Keyboards and monitors were introduced for input and
output
 Magnetic disks were typically used for storage
 Cheap, fast and reliable
 Used by small business
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Computer History (cont’d)

Fourth - Generation Computers (approximately 1971 present)
 The invention of the microprocessor in 1971
Contains the core processing capabilities of an entire computer on one single chip
 Example: IBM PC and Apple Macintosh

 Input - keyboard and mouse
 Output – monitor and printer
 Storage – magnetic disks and optical disks
 The development of computer network, wireless technologies, and the
internet
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Computer History (cont’d)

Fifth - Generation Computers (now and the
future)
 Will be based on artificial intelligence
 Computers can learn, think and reasoning
 Voice recognition
 Become primary means of input
 Optical computers
 Process data using light instead of electrons
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Computer History (cont’d)
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Summary
Page 39
Basic computer
concepts
Classifications of
computers
Components of
computers
Uses of technology
applications in
society
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