Transcript History of Computers

History of Computers
Ethan, 9C
Early Computers
The Abacus
The Abacus was an early calculator used around the world. It was
the world’s first calculator/computer, aiding the user in counting large
numbers. In the Chinese Abacus, the top beads represent 5 and the
bottom beads represent 1.
The Pascaline
The Pascaline, or the Arithmetic Machine, was the first adding
machine to be produced and it was actually used. Blaise Pascal, a
French inventor, created it to help his dad, who was a tax collector in
1642.
The Analytical and Difference Engines
The Analytical and Difference Engines were created by Charles
Babbage in the 19th Century. The Difference Engine was commissioned
by the British Government and was a simple calculating machine. The
Analytical Engine was more complex and is generally considered the
first computer.
Herman Hollerith
Herman Hollerith, an American inventor, invented a tabulating
machine that was a precursor of the electric computer. He had
invented a machine that mechanically recorded statistics by sorting
punch cards.
First Generation Computers
Colossus
The Colossus was a computer built during World War II by the
British to help break German codes. It was designed by British engineer
Thomas Flowers and used about 1,600 vacuum tubes to compute
information.
E.N.I.A.C.
E.N.I.A.C., or Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, was the first
programmable general-purpose electronic digital computer also built during World
War II. It was created by the U.S., by John Mauchly and his colleagues at the Moore
School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania.
EDVAC
The EDVAC was the first
computer designed with internal
programming capacity. EDVAC
stands for Electronic Discrete
Variable Automatic Computer.
UNIVAC
UNIVAC, or Universal Automatic Computer, was created by
American engineers John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert Jr., the same
people that had created the ENIAC. It was designed as a commercial
data-processing computer.
The Difference
The difference between First Generation Computers and Early
Computers was that they were much smaller and were incapable of
solving complicated equations like the First Generation Computers.
Early Computers were also slower and were not electronically powered,
as electricity was not used back then. Due to the use of vacuum tubes,
First Generation Computers were able to solve problems in
milliseconds.
Second Generation
Computers
The Difference
The difference between First Generation Computers like the
UNIVAC or the EDVAC was that First Generation Computers used
vacuum tubes. Second Generation Computers used transistors, cutting
down the amount of energy used to power the computer. They were
also much smaller. They were faster, calculating equations in
microseconds and was more accurate. It was also more commercially
used, as World War II was over and everything was not needed for the
war effort.
Third Generation Computers
The Difference
The difference between Third Generation Computers and Second
Generation Computers is that Third Generation Computers used
integrated circuits. A single integrated chip could contain hundreds or
thousands of transistors. Third Generation Computers were smaller,
faster, used less energy, and more reliable then it’s predecessors,
making calculations in nanoseconds.
Fourth Generation
Computers
Altair 8800
The Altair 8800 was one of the first personal computers, if not
the first one. You could buy an Altair 8800 for $439 and it would come
with everything you need to build it yourself, including instructions. Ed
Roberts, president of MITS (Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems)
designed the Altair 8800.
Apple I and II
The Apple I was developed by Steve Wozniak in Steve Jobs’
garage. It was a simple working circuit board but the Apple II offered
colour display and could manipulate data. Both were very successful.
Macintosh
The Apple Macintosh is considered to be the first commercially
successful computer that used Graphic User Interface. The original
product only had 128k of RAM, making it pretty slow, so Apple released
another one, referred to as the “Fat Mac”, which had 512k of RAM,
much faster than the original.
IBM PC
The IBM PC was IBM’s most successful personal computer, the
“professional looking” board making it popular. It was not very fast, but
later versions were faster and could be even faster with expansion
cards.
The Difference
Fourth Generation Computers used microprocessors.
Microprocessors contained thousands of integrated circuits, which
contained thousands of transistors. It was cheap, fast, reliable and used
little energy compared to past generations. It was very small, able to fit
on your desk at work or at home and was general purpose.
Fifth Generation Computers
The Difference
Fifth Generation Computers are capable of thinking like humans.
This is Artificial Intelligence, and these control the computer in games,
the people that are fighting or playing against you or with you. They are
also used in everyday lives, like Siri. He (or she) can search up many
things just by asking, like what is the weather.
iPad, iPhone, and iPod
Apple’s iPhone is a touch screen smartphone that was
revolutionary in the world of phones. Apple released version after
version, with Siri being a new, fun helper in using your phone. All you
have to do is ask Siri. The iPad was a big version of the iPhone and the
iPod was an iPhone with out calling capabilities.
Android
Android phones are just like Apple phones, in the same way that
Apple phones are just like Android phones. They both use Artificial
Intelligences, Apple using Siri, and Android using Google. There is no
one that is better, there are phones that are to the user’s preference.
Google Glasses
Google Glasses are glasses that have the abilities of a smart
phone. You can access Google, search things, call people or take
pictures. It even has a GPS chip built into it and it guides you to where
you want to be with help from Google Maps.
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