Transcript No Slide Title

Chapter 17
Electronic Technology
Preview
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Section 2 Communication Technology
Section 3 Computers
Concept Mapping
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Bellringer
Define the word technology. Can you think of three
ways that technology affects you?
Write your answers in your science journal.
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Objectives
• Identify the role of a circuit board in an electronic
device.
• Describe semiconductors and how their conductivity
can change.
• Describe diodes and how they are used in circuits.
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Objectives, continued
• Describe transistors and how they are used in
circuits.
• Explain how integrated circuits have influenced
electronic technology.
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Inside an Electronic Device
• A circuit board is a sheet of insulating material that
carries circuit elements and that is inserted in an
electronic device.
• Sending Information to Your Television When you
push a button on your remote control, you send a
signal to the circuit board. The components of the
circuit board process the signal to send the correct
information to the television.
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Semiconductors
• A semiconductor is an element or compound that
conducts electric current better than an insulator does
but not as well as a conductor does.
• Semiconductors have allowed people to make
incredible advances in electronic technology.
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Semiconductors, continued
• How do semiconductors
work? The way a
semiconductor conducts
electric current is based on
how its electrons are
arranges.
• Silicon, Si, is a widely used
semiconductor because its
conductivity can be changed.
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Semiconductors, continued
• Doping is the addition of an impurity element to an
semiconductor.
• Adding the impurity changes the arrangement of
electrons.
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Diodes
• A diode is an electronic device that allows electric
charge to move more easily in one direction than in
the other.
• The Flow of Electrons in Diodes The next slide
shows how a diode works.
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Diodes, continued
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Diodes, continued
• Using Diodes to Change AC to DC Power plants
send electrical energy to homes by means of
alternating current (AC). But many things, such as
radios, use direct current (DC).
• Diodes can help change AC to DC by blocking
current in one direction.
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Transistors
• A transistor is a semiconductor device that can
amplify current and that is used in amplifiers,
oscillators, and switches.
• Transistors as Amplifiers A microphone does not
make a current that is large enough to run a
loudspeaker. But a transistor can be used in an
amplifier to make a larger current. The next slide
explains how.
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Transistors, continued
• Transistors in Switches Remote–controlled toy
cars use transistors in switches.
• When a manual switch in a circuit is closed, a small
current is made in the small loop. The small current
causes the transistor to close the large loop.
• As a result, a larger current is made in the large loop.
The larger current runs the motor.
Chapter 17
Section 1 Electronic Devices
Integrated Circuit
• An integrated circuit is an entire circuit that has
many components on a single semiconductor.
• Many complete circuits can fit into one integrated
circuit. So, complicated electronic systems can be
made very small.
• Before transistors and semiconductor diodes were
made, vacuum tubes were used. But vacuum tubes
are much larger than semiconductor components are.
They also get hotter and don’t last as long.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Bellringer
The following is a question in International Morse Code:
• – – •••• • – – •• ••• – • – – – – – • • – • – •
••–• •• •–• ••• – –• •– –– •
Decipher the question and write it in your science
journal. Then, write your answer to the question in
International Morse Code.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Objectives
• Identify how signals transmit information.
• Describe analog signals and their use in telephones
and records.
• Describe digital signals and their use in compact
discs.
• Describe how information is transmitted and
received in radios and televisions.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Communicating with Signals
• The telegraph was one of the first electronic
communication devices. It used an electric current to
send messages in Morse code through wires joining
two places.
• Morse code has patterns of dots and dashes that
stand for letters and numbers.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Communicating with Signals, continued
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Communicating with Signals, continued
• Signals and Carriers A signal is anything, such as a
movement, sound, or a set of numbers and letters, that
can be used to send information.
• Often one signal is sent using another signal called a
carrier. Electric current is often used as a carrier.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Analog Signals
• An analog signal is a signal whose properties
change without a break or jump between values.
• Talking on the Phone When you talk into the
transmitter of a phone, the sound waves made when
you speak are changed into an analog signal.
• The receiver on a phone changes the analog signal
back into a sound wave.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Analog Signals, continued
• The image below explains how a phone works.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Analog Signals, continued
• Analog Recording Early recordings of sound were
stored as analog signals by making grooves in wax or
metal.
• Playing a Record When a record is played, a stylus
makes an electromagnet vibrate. The electromagnet
induces an electric current that is used to make sound.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Digital Signals
• A digital signal is a signal that is represented as a
sequence of separate values.
• Information in a digital signal is represented as binary
numbers. Numbers in binary are made up of only two
digits, 1 and 0.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Digital Signals, continued
• Digital Storage on a CD Sound is recorded to a
compact disc (CD) by means of a digital signal.
• The figure below shows the surface of a CD. Pits
stand for 1s and lands stand for 0s. Pits and lands
store information that can be converted into sound.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Digital Signals, continued
• Digital Recording In a digital recording, a sound
wave is measured many times each second. From
these measurements, numbers are generated that
represent the sound wave.
• These numbers are then changed to binary values
using 1s and 0s. The 1s and 0s are stored as pits and
lands on a CD.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Digital Signals, continued
• Playing a CD The image below explains how a CD
player works to produce sound.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Comparing Digital and Analog Signals
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Radio and Television
• Radio Radio stations use radio waves to carry
signals that represent sound.
• Radio waves are transmitted by a radio tower. They
travel through the air and are picked up by a radio
antenna.
• The next slide explains how a radio works.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Radio and Television, continued
• Television Video and audio signals can be sent as
analog or digital signals to your television. The signals
can be sent through cables or from satellites or
broadcast towers.
• You can watch digital television shows on an analog
TV. However, the sound and images of the shows are
clearer if watched on a digital TV.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Radio and Television, continued
• Plasma Displays are a new kind of television
screen. These displays can be as thin as 15 cm.
• Plasma displays have thousands of tiny cells with
gases in them. A computer makes a current in the
gases. The current generates colored lights, which
make a picture on the screen.
• The image on the next slide explains how plasma
displays work.
Chapter 17
Section 2 Communication Technology
Radio and Television, continued
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Bellringer
A computer is an electronic device that performs tasks
by following instructions given to it. List all of the ways
that you use a computer in your daily life.
Write your list in your science journal.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Objectives
• List a computer’s basic functions, and describe its
development.
• Identify the main components of computer hardware.
• Explain how information can be stored on CD-Rs
and CD-RWs.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Objectives, continued
• Describe what computer software allows a
computer to do.
• Describe computer networks.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
What Is a Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device that performs
tasks by following instructions given to it.
• Basic Functions The information you give to a
computer is called input. The computer processes the
input. The computer stores information in its memory.
Output is the final result of the job done by the
computer.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
What Is a Computer?, continued
• The image below shows an example of a computer’s
functions.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
What Is a Computer?, continued
• The First Computers The first computers were
made up of large pieces of equipment that could fill a
room. The first general-purpose computer was ENIAC.
• Modern Computers are much smaller because they
use microprocessors. A microprocessor is a single
chip that controls and carries out a computer’s
instructions.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Computer Hardware
• Hardware is the parts or pieces of equipment that
make up a computer. The images below show several
types of hardware.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Computer Hardware, continued
• Input Devices give information, or input, to the
computer. Common input devices are a keyboard, a
mouse, and a scanner.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) is where a computer
does tasks. In the CPU, the computer does calculations,
solves problems, and carries out instructions given to it.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Computer Hardware, continued
• Memory is where information can be stored. Kinds of
memory are hard disks, CDs, read-only memory
(ROM) and random-access memory (RAM).
• ROM is permanent. It handles jobs such as start-up,
maintenance, and hardware management. RAM is
temporary. RAM stores information only while it is
being used.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Computer Hardware, continued
• Output Devices show the results of a computer’s
job. Monitors, printers, and speakers are output
devices.
• Modems and Interface Cards allow computers to
exchange information. Modems send information
through telephone lines and interface cards use cables
or wireless connections.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Compact Discs
• Burning and Erasing CDs One kind of CD that you
can put information onto, or “burn,” is a CD-recordable
(CD-R) disc. You can burn a CD-R disc only once.
• A CD-rewritable (CD-RW) disc can be used more
than once.
• The next slide explains the difference between CD-R
and CD-RW discs.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Compact Discs, continued
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Computer Software
• Software is a set of instructions or commands that
tells a computer what to do.
• Kinds of Software Operating-system software
handles basic operations needed by the computer.
• Application software tells the computer to run a utility.
Word processors, video games, and graphics
programs are examples of application software.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Computer Networks
• The Internet is a huge computer network made up of
millions of computers that can all share information.
Home computers can connect to the Internet by
connecting to an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
• Computers in a school or business can be joined in a
Local Area Network (LAN). These computers connect
to an ISP through only one line.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Computer Networks, continued
• ISPs allow computers in your home or school to
connect to large routing computers that are linked
around the world.
Chapter 17
Section 3 Computers
Computer Networks, continued
• The World Wide Web When you use a Web
browser to look at pages on the Internet, you are on
the World Wide Web.
• Web pages share a format that is simple enough that
any computer can view them. They are group into Web
sites. Clicking on a link takes you from one page or
site to another.
Chapter 17
Electronic Technology
Concept Mapping
Use the terms below to complete the concept map
on the next slide.
amplifier
switch
semiconductor
transistors
doping
electrons
Chapter 17
Electronic Technology
Chapter 17
Electronic Technology