Transcript Slide 1 - Afonso Ferreira Miguel, MSc

Evolução dos
Microprocessadores
Afonso Ferreira Miguel
4004
Introduction date
"November 1971"
Manufacturing
process
2,300 transistors
Data bus width
4 bit
Package
16-pin Ceramic DIP
Speed (MHz)
0.74
Physical memory
640 bytes (RAM) and
4 KB (ROM)
V core (V)
15 ± 5%
Min/Max operating
temperature (°C)
0 – 70
Typical/Max power
dissipation (W)
0.45 / 0.6
4040
Data bus width
4 bit
Package
24-pin ceramic
DIP
Speed (MHz)
0.74
Physical memory
4 KB (8 KB with a
bank switch)
Min/Max operating
temperature (°C)
0 - 70
Typical/Max power
dissipation (W)
0.6 / 0.9 (25°
8008
Introduction date
Apr-72
Manufacturing process
3,500 transistors
Data bus width
8 bit
Package
18-pin DIP
Speed (MHz)
0.5
Physical memory (KB)
16
Virtual memory
None
Floating Point Unit
None
Min/Max operating
temperature (°C)
0 - 70
8080
Year:
1974
Bus width:
8
Clock speed: 2 MHz
Description:
Successor to Intel 8008 CPU. The processor has
6,000 transistors, and can address 64 KB of
physical memory.
Computers:
Altair 8800, IMSAI 8080, CompuColor II, Byte
Computers Byt-8
8085
Year:
1976
Bus width:
8
Clock speed:
5 MHz
Description:
Enhanced version of Intel 8080 CPU.
Computers:
Radio Shack TRS-80 Models 100 and 200,
CompuPro 8/16.
Z80
Year:
1976
Bus width:
8
Clock
speed:
4 MHz
Description:
Improved version of Intel 8080 processor: new
instructions.
Computers:
Radio Shack TRS-80 Models 1 - 4, Sinclair ZX81,
Commodore 128D (also had 6502 CPU), Franklin Ace
1200 (also had 6502 CPU), etc.
8086
Year:
1978
Clock speed:
5 ~10 MHz
Bus width:
16
Description:
First generation of Intel 80x86 processors. 8086 was 16 bit
processor (internally and externally). The processor has
29,000 transistors, and can address 1 MB of physical
memory.
8088
Year:
1979
Bus width:
8/16
Clock
speed:
5 ~10 MHz
Description: The processor is a modified version of 8086 - it has 8 bit external
data bus width (8086 has 16 bit data bus), also instruction queue
size and prefetching algorithms were changed. 8088 uses two
consecutive bus cycles to write or read 16 bit data instead of one
cycle for 8086. This made the processor to run slower, but on the
plus side the hardware changes in 8088 made it compatible with
8080/8085 harware. The processor has 29,000 transistors, and
can address 1 MB of physical memory.
Computers:
IBM PC series, Amstrad PPC-640, etc.
68000
Year:
1979
Bus width:
16/32
Description:
First generation of Motorola 680x0 series of processors.
Computers:
Apple Lisa 2, Apple Macintosh 128, Atari 520STfm and
1040STfm, Commodore Amiga 500 and 1000.
80186
Year:
1982
Bus width:
16
Clock speed:
10 MHz
Description:
Next generation of 80x86 processors. Used mostly as
embedded processor.
80286
Year:
1982
Bus width:
16
Clock speed: 6 ~ 25 MHz
Description:
Second generation of 80x86 processors: new instructions,
protected mode, supported 16MB of memory. The
processor has 134,000 transistors, and can address 16
MB of physical memory and 4 GB of virtual memory.
80386
Year:
1985
Bus width:
32
Clock speed:
20 ~ 33 MHz
Description:
Third generation of 80x86 processors: new processor modes,
32 bit, increased speed. The processor includes 275,000
transistors, and can address 4 GB of physical memory and 64
TB of virtual memory.
80486
Year:
1989
Bus width:
32
Clock
speed:
33 ~ 75 MHz
Description:
Fourth generation of 80x86 processors: integrated floating-point
unit, internal clock multiplier. The processor has 1,200,000
transistors (less in SX version), and can address 4 GB of
physical memory and 64 TB of virtual memory.
Pentium
Year:
1993
Bus width:
32
Clock
speed:
9 ~200 MHz
Description:
Fifth generation of x86 processors: superscalar architecture,
MMX. The processor has 3,100,000 transistors, and can
address 4 GB of physical memory and 64 TB of virtual
memory.
Pentium II
Year:
1995
Bus width:
32
Clock speed:
266 ~500 MHz
Description:
Sixth generation of x86 processors; Single Edge
Contact cartridge (slot 1)
Moore’s Law
•Intel co-founder Gorden Moore notice in 1964;
•Number of transistors doubled every 12 months
while price unchanged;
•Slowed down in the 1980s to every 18 months;
•Amazingly still correct, likely to keep until 2010.