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Introduction to Electronics Zhou Lingling SJTU Zhou Lingling 1 Outline • Organization of this textbook • Objective of this course • Basic concepts Signals Amplifier SJTU Zhou Lingling 2 Organization of This Textbook • • • • Part --- Devices and Basic Circuits Part --- Analogy and Digital ICs Part --- Selected Topics Appendix SJTU Zhou Lingling 3 Part --- Devices and Basic Circuits • Diodes • MOS Field-Effect Transistors • Bipolar Junction Transistors SJTU Zhou Lingling 4 Part --- Analogy and Digital ICs • • • • Single-Stage IC Amplifiers Differential and Multistage Amplifiers Feedback Operational-Amplifier SJTU Zhou Lingling 5 Part --- Selected Topics • Filters and Tuned Amplifiers • Signal Generators and Waveform-Shaping Circuits • Out-put Stages and Power Amplifiers SJTU Zhou Lingling 6 Appendix • • • • • VLSI Fabrication Technology Two-Port Network Parameters Some Useful Network Theorems Single-Time-Constant Circuits S-domain Analysis: Poles, Zeros, and Bode Plots SJTU Zhou Lingling 7 Objective of This Course • To develop the ability to analyze and design electronic circuits,both analog and digital, discrete and integrated. • Emphases is placed on transistor circuits design. • As the fundamental of the IC design. SJTU Zhou Lingling 8 Basic concepts • Basic concepts Signals Amplifier SJTU Zhou Lingling 9 Signals • Signal source Transducers are the devices which can convert the non-electric signal to electric signal, or vice versa. Signal source is the transducer witch can produce electric signal. • Representation of the signal source Thévenin form Norton form SJTU Zhou Lingling 10 Representation of the Signal Source Two alternative representations of a signal source: (a) the Thévenin form (b) the Norton form SJTU Zhou Lingling 11 Time-Domain Representation of Signal An arbitrary voltage signal vs(t). SJTU Zhou Lingling 12 Time-Domain Representation of Signal Sine-wave voltage signal of amplitude Va and frequency f = 1/T Hz. The angular frequency ω = 2πf rad/s. SJTU Zhou Lingling 13 Time-Domain Representation of Signal A symmetrical square-wave signal of amplitude V. SJTU Zhou Lingling 14 Frequency-Domain Representation of Signal The frequency spectrum of an arbitrary waveform is continuous function of frequency. It means the spectrum contains all possible frequencies. SJTU Zhou Lingling 15 Frequency-Domain Representation of Signal The frequency spectrum of the periodic square wave consists of discrete frequencies. SJTU Zhou Lingling 16 Analog and Digital Signals • Analog signal The magnitude of analog signal can take on any value and exhibits a continuous variation over its range of activity. • Digital signal The representation of digital signal is that of a sequence of numbers, each number representing the signal magnitude at an instant of time. • Sampling • ADC and DAC SJTU Zhou Lingling 17 Sampling Sampling the continuous-time analog signal in (a) Results in the discrete-time signal in (b). SJTU Zhou Lingling 18 ADC and DAC Block-diagram representation of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). SJTU Zhou Lingling 19 Amplifier A voltage amplifier fed with a signal vI(t) and connected to a load resistance RL. SJTU Zhou Lingling 20 Amplifier Transfer characteristic of a linear voltage amplifier with voltage gain Av. The straight line means the amplifier is a linear amplifier. SJTU Zhou Lingling 21 Amplifier An amplifier transfer characteristic that is linear except for output saturation. Output waveform is clipped off. Nonlinear distortion exists. SJTU Zhou Lingling 22 Amplifier An amplifier transfer characteristic that shows considerable nonlinearity. Nonlinear distortion SJTU Zhou Lingling 23 Amplifier To obtain linear operation the amplifier is biased as shown。 The signal amplitude is kept small. This amplifier is operated from a single power supply, VDD. SJTU Zhou Lingling 24