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Contributor
Members
WiMedia
Members
USB-IF
WiMedia UWB PHY
Simulation and Test
presented by:
Mark Lombardi
Agilent
USB/WiMedia
Solution Manager
Outline
• UWB Commercial Application Drivers
• WiMedia based MB-OFDM UWB overview
• WiMedia based MB-OFDM R&D Challenges
– Design and Simulation of WiMedia based UWB
– Physical device measurements
• Industry Driven Testing
– Compliance Based/Interoperability
– Regulatory
• Conclusion / Q&A
Audience Question
• Do you consider yourself a;
– Digital Focused Designer
– RF Focused Designer
– Both RF and Digital Designer
Ultrawideband Technology
UWB
Direct Spectrum
RADAR
IEEE
Communications
MB-OFDM
WiMedia
Extensions
Certified Wireless USB
IEEE 1394
Bluetooth
(USB-IF)
Connecting the last “5 meters”
USB 2.0 (High Speed USB)
• Most successful interface standard, about 3 billion ports
• 480 MBit data rates
Certified Wireless USB:
• High speed USB replacement (480 MBits/s), Any other
questions?
• Based on WiMedia Alliance OFDM UWB Technology
• Not just wireless USB (low speed mice and keyboards)
• Low power, short range, high data rates
Bluetooth:
• Headsets and automotive the current “killer” applications (1
MBit/s)
• Bluetooth 3.0 now planning to use WiMedia UWB for higher
data rates
Short Range Wireless enabled by UWB
Potential Certified Wireless USB products for 2006/2007
• PCs and Peripherals
• External Hard Drives,
CD/DVD, burners
• Printers
• MP3
• Digital Cameras
Companies Driving Adoption
• WiMedia Promoters
– Alereon, Inc., Hewlett-Packard Company, Intel Corporation,
Kodak, Microsoft Corporation, Nokia Corporation, Philips,
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Sony Corporation, Staccato
Communications, STMicroelectronics, Texas Instruments, Inc.,
Wisair Ltd.
• WiMedia Formal Interoperability Test Participants
– PHY vendors: Alereon, Inc., Realtek, Semiconductor, Staccato
Communications, WiQuest Communications, Wisair and TZero
Technologies Inc.
– Test Equipment manufactures: Agilent
• USB Industry Forum (Certified Wireless USB)
• Leading Consumer Product Manufactures
– Listed WiMedia members, USB-IF members
Outline
• UWB Commercial Application Drivers
• WiMedia based MB-OFDM UWB overview
• WiMedia based MB-OFDM R&D Challenges
– Design and Simulation of WiMedia based UWB
– Physical device measurements
• Industry Driven Testing
– Compliance Based/Interoperability
– Regulatory
• Conclusion / Q&A
Spectrum Occupancy
WLAN
WiMedia PHY: Frequency Domain
-
FCC, Unlicensed 3100 MHz – 10600 MHz, -41.3 dBm/1 MHz
528 MHz x 14 Bands
5 Guards
QPSK, DCM
12 BPSK Pilots
5 Guards
128 subcarriers,
4.125 MHz
spacing
Logical Frequency Subcarriers -61 . . . . . . . . . .
Description
Sampling Frequency
Total number of subcarriers (FFT
size)
Number of data subcarriers
Number of pilot subcarriers
Number of guard subcarriers
Number of null subcarriers
Subcarrier Frequency Spacing
Parameter
Fs
NFFT
0
528 MHz/Band
Value
528 MHz
128
100
12
10
6
4.125 MHz
. . . . . . . . . .+61
The MB-OFDM UWB Physical Layer
• Subcarrier modulation
– The modulation type used on the subcarriers depends on
data rate
– For the data-bearing subcarriers, QPSK or DCM (DualCarrier Modulation) is used.
• For the lower data rates, 200 Mb/s and lower, QPSK
• For the higher data rates, above 200 Mb/s to 480 Mb/s, DCM is
used.
– The 12 pilots are BPSK-modulated.
5 Guards
12 BPSK Pilots
QPSK, DCM
0
528 MHz/Band
5 Guards
. . . . . . . . . .+61
WiMedia PHY, Time Domain
Description
Symbol Rate
Symbol Interval
IFFT and FFT period
time
Freq.
Parameter
FSYM
TSYM
TFFT
Zero-padded suffix duration in time
TZPS
Value
3.2 MHz
312.5 ns
242.42
ns
70.08 ns
Sampling Frequency
Total number of subcarriers (FFT
size)
Number of samples in zero-padded
suffix
Total number of samples per symbol
Fs
NFFT
528MHz
128
NZPS
37
NSYM
165
528 MHz
Symbol (312.5ns)
OFDM Symbol
(IFFT Output)
ZPS
(Zero-padded Suffix)
Amp.
time
Packet
PLCP Preamble
30 sym for standard (24 + 6)
18 sym for burst (12 + 6)
Packet/Frame
Channel Estimation
Synchronization Sequence
Sequence
PLCP Header
12 sym
PSDU
6*(0, 1, …,37) sym
Frame Payload
WiMedia PHY: Time and Freq.
Frequency-Domain Spreading
-Transmit same information
time
Symbol
Freq.
Band
Group
1
3168 MHz
Band #1
3696 MHz
Band #2
4224 MHz
Band #3
4752 MHz
copy
…..
Data
A
Data
B
Data
C
Data
D
Data
E
TFC: Time Frequency Code
TFC
Band ID (Band number) for
Number
TFC
1
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
1
1
3
3
2
2
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
Data
F
Data
G
…..
Time-Domain Spreading
-Transmit same information over two
symbols in TFI mode.
- Spreading factor is 2.
-Data A = Data B but over the different
sub-bands.
TFI: Time-Frequency Interleaving
FFI: Fixed Frequency Interleaving
Outline
• UWB Commercial Application Drivers
• WiMedia based MB-OFDM UWB overview
• WiMedia based MB-OFDM R&D Challenges
– Design and Simulation of WiMedia based UWB
– Physical device measurements
• Industry Driven Testing
– Compliance/Interoperability
– Regulatory
• Conclusion / Q&A
UWB Engineering Challenges I
ANTENNA, COMPONENT
• Wideband VSWR match and Impulse response
• Differential Signal Isolation, Common Mode Rejection
TRANSMITTER
•
•
•
•
Spectral Flatness, Emission Mask, Peak Power, ACP
Transmit chain amplitude & phase response
Modulation Measurements (Error Vector Magnitude, Common Pilot Error)
Phase noise
UWB Engineering Challenges II
RECEIVER
• Interference Testing
• Generating UWB Test Signals
• Measuring Rx PER / BER, with known distortions (impairments)
• Interoperability testing
Merging Simulation and Test
EDA Tools
R&D Space
Concept
Design
Design
Verification
Compliance Space
Prototype
(Hardware
Verification)
Manufacturing Space
Pilot
Production
Production
Instrumen
ts
Components
ADS for Wireless Communication System Design
Wireless Standards Specification
Wireless Libraries
Fully coded signal source
System-Level
Circuit-Level
TransistorLevel
Hardware-Level
DUT
`
Receiver
Measurement
ADC quantization error
ADC Model
ADC
Simulation and Vector Signal Analysis
802.11a interferer
Filter
WiMedia
Signal
802.11a
Signal
Test Both Analog and BB Sections
• ADS or N7619A
Baseband (BB) and
RF Signals
To
Baseband
section
• N6030A AWG
Analog I/Q
To RF
section
• PSG (opt 015)
Transmitter performance testing
Create Custom Waveforms
•N7619A
• Modify standard
WiMedia based
signals
– Data rate
– Payload data length
• Test individual
receiver functions
– Bypass data
scrambling,
interleaving, and
error correction
– Waveforms
consisting of only
packet preambles,
channel estimation
symbols
Transmitter performance testing
Capture of WiMedia based Signals
•
•
•
•
Over 500 MHz required for FFI and 1.6 GHz required for TFI
Mix down and capture with 2 GHz scope all Band groups
Direct capture with 6 GHz scope for Band Group 1
12 GHz scope for all UWB Band Groups
Captured with Agilent DSO81204B, used with the
permission of Tzero Technologies
Outline
• UWB Commercial Application Drivers
• WiMedia based MB-OFDM UWB overview
• WiMedia based MB-OFDM R&D Challenges
– Design and Simulation of WiMedia based UWB
– Physical device measurements
• Industry Driven Testing
– Compliance/Interoperability
– Regulatory
• Conclusion / Q&A
Intel Product Development Kit
WUSB
Host
MAC
• Available through
the USB-IF
• Alternate control
provided by PHY
vendor
PHY
RF tests for WiMedia based radios
• Example PHY Compliance Tests
– Transmitter
•
•
•
•
•
Transmit Center Frequency
Transmit Power Control
Power Spectral Density Mask (PSD)
Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR)
Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)
– Receiver
• Receiver Power Sensitivity
• Receiver Frequency Offset Sensitivity
89600 VSA SW Radio Measurements
Measurement Summary
PSD Mask and ACPR
UWB Bands and WW Regulations
Band Group
#1
Band
#1
Band
#2
Band
#3
Band Group
#2
Band Group
#3
Band
#4
Band
#5
Band
#6
Band
#7
Band
#8
DAA
After
2008
-70dBm
-70dBm
-70dBm
-70dBm
-70dBm
4488
MHz
5016
MHz
5544
MHz
6072
MHz
6600
MHz
7128
MHz
Band
#9
Band Group
#4
Band
# 10
Band
# 11
Band Group
#5
Band
# 12
Band
# 13
Band
# 14
US
DAA
After
2010
EU
Japan
-70dBm
DAA??
-70dBm
Asia
3432
MHz
3960
MHz
7656
MHz
8712
MHz
9240
MHz
9768
MHz
10296
MHz
10560
MHz
3168
MHz
Usable bands
8184
MHz
Usable bands (Detect And Avoid)
To be determined
Unusable bands
Regulatory Emissions Tests
E4440 26GHz Performance Spectrum
Analyzer
• Most of the world wide regulatory organizations
have or will have by early next year UWB limits.
WiMedia RF Measurement Solution
Agilent Transmitter
Agilent Receiver
“Golden Radio”
BER/PER
Advanced Design System
Simulation
Analogue IQ
WiMedia
based DUT
Agilent Infiniium
DSO 81204B
12GHz,40GSa
Oscilloscope
Agilent N6030A
Agilent E8267D
Agilent N7619A Arbitrary Waveform
PSG Series
Signal Studio for
Generator
Vector Signal Generator
Multiband OFDM
UWB
Base Band
Modulation
Signal Generation
Agilent 89600
VSA Software
UWB Signal Verification,
EVM measurement
Demodulation
UWB Signal
Creation
Spectrum Testing
Regulatory Test,
FCC
Agilent E4440A
PSA Series 26.5GHz
Spectrum Analyzer
Summary
• Tools are available today to help with the design and
integration of WiMedia based radio technology.
• Simulation aids the development of WiMedia based radio’s
as well as optimization and integration with other radios
and follow on applications.
• The up to 1.6 GHz of BW needed to capture and analyze
WiMedia based MB-OFDM requires an Oscilloscope for
capture.
• Powerful Signal Analysis SW, can aid radio optimization,
analysis and verification of operation to WiMedia spec.
• Receiver performance can be benchmarked and optimized
through the use of a “golden radio”.
Further Information
•
•
•
•
•
Ultrawideband Communication RF
Measurements Application Note AN1488
5989-0506EN
Cutler, Robert “Effects of Physical Layer
Impairments on OFDM Systems” RF
Design, May, 2002 p. 36
www.rfdesign.com
Agilent Application Note “Agilent PSA
Series Swept and FFT Analysis”
89600 VSA Software Option BHB MBOFDM Modulation Analysis Technical
Overview and Demo Guide 5989-5452EN.
Agilent Application Note 1380-1 “RF
Testing of Wireless LAN Products”
www.agilent.com/find/uwb
www.wimedia.org
www.usb.org/wusb/home