Transcript Crossing the Bridge to Nanomanufacturing

Crossing the Bridge to Nanomanufacturing
Tech 2003
Speakers:
Marcene Sonneborn
Kirk Wardell
May 7, 2003
Topics in This Session
Nanotechnology Basics
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The Vision, The Promise and the Threat
NanoManufacturing
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The Reality and the Opportunity
Fundamental Drivers of Change in
the 21st Century
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Information Technology
Materials Science
Energy
Biotechnology/Genetics
Environmental Issues
What is Nanotechnology?
1987
“The art and science of
manipulating and
rearranging individual
atoms to create useful materials,
devices, and systems”
Jack Uldrich, “The Next Big Thing is Really
Small – How Nanotechnology will Change the
Future of your Business,” 2003
Building With Molecules
Fabricating a product, molecule by
molecule
Computerized manipulation of materials at
atomic or molecular level
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100% control of our materials
What is “Nanotechnology”?
Coined in 1974 by Norio Taniguchi at the
University of Tokyo
Based on the scaling down of existing
technologies to the next level of precision
and miniaturization.
Actually a multitude of rapidly emerging
technologies
Multiple Technologies
Physics
Chemistry
Engineering
Life Sciences
Mathematics
Materials Science
Computer Science
Electronics
Optics
Imaging
Related and interwoven fields
include, but are not limited to:
Nano
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materials
medicine
biotechnology
lithography
electronics
magnetics
robots
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Biodevices
biomolecular machinery
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AI
MEMS
MicroElectroMechanical Systems
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NEMS
NanoElectroMechanical Systems
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Biomimetic Materials
Microencapsulation
Many others
IS THIS SCIENCE FICTION?
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1959 - vision of Richard Feynman, Physicist
1996 Nobel prize was awarded to Richard
Smalley, Rice University
Billions being spent on research
MIT
University of Tokyo
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Hottest research in military R&D, government
sponsored health research
Richard Feynman
Written with Dip-Pen Nanolithography
Nanotechnology
We are at the point of connecting machines to
individual cells
Atoms
<1 nm
DNA
~2.5 nm
Cells
thousands of nm
Nanoscale is More Accurate
“Nano"
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a Greek prefix meaning "one-billionth"
Basic unit of measure is a nanometer (nm)
a metric prefix that indicates a billionth part
(10-9).
Nanoscale - characteristic dimensions are
less than about 1,000 nanometers
“Just How Small is It?”
If a nanometer were scaled to the width of
your little fingernail…
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Your fingernail would be the size of Delaware
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Your thumb would be the size of Florida
Nanoscale Science
Not a technology - it’s materials
science
Features as small as one
nanometer
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one-billionth of a meter, or
a hundred-thousandth the width of
a human hair
Hemoglobin = 6.5nm
Viruses are 10-100 nm
Human hair = 100,000nm
Nanoguitar – Cornell University
Ten microns (10 x 10-6 m) long, about the
size of a red blood cell.
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Thickness of a human hair is about 20 times
the length of this guitar.
The "strings" (rods of silicon) are 50 nm
wide or about 100 atoms across.
The Potential
Many scientists believe that soon—maybe
50 years from now—tiny robots … will be
able to build or repair anything at the
atomic and molecular level.
http://www.physicscentral.com/action/action-00-1print.html
Potential of the Research
Improved electronic devices
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cheaper flat-screen televisions
palm-size computers that recognize speech
Magnetic storage disks that could hold
100,000 times more data than current
disks
The Vision
In the next 50 years, machines
will get increasingly smaller--so
small that thousands of these tiny
machines would fit into the period
at the end of this sentence.
The Vision
Within a few decades, we will use
these nanomachines to
manufacture consumer goods at
the molecular level…
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Make baseballs, telephones, cars, etc. in the
same company
Fly’s eye and microfabricated
device
If we can manipulate single
atoms…
…the results could lead to a revolution
in computing, electronics, energy,
materials design, manufacturing,
medicine, and numerous other fields.
Vision - Hype or Potential?
“Nanotechnology – the next big thing”
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Investors beware!
Self-Assembly
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Microscopic computer that assembles itself,
atom by atom, then calculates at a speed
faster than today's zippiest electronic chips
Self Assembly Uses Forces in
Nature
Chemical attraction
Chemical bonds
Water-repellant
Biological attraction
Transfer of material through cell walls, DNA
Antibody-antigen reaction
Physical attraction
Magnetic fields
Electron charges
Self-Assembly at Millimeter
Scales
Molecules want to form structures
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Coded to do this
Order/complexity is “built in” to the components
Low energy requirements
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Simple when it works, but don’t yet know the rules for
how things aggregate
5mm plastic self-assembled light-emitting diode
(fits on a penny)
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Whitesides, 2000
Molecular Nanotechnology
Molecular machines able to build objects to
complex atomic specifications
Possibilities include:
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molecular manufacturing systems able to
construct computers smaller than living cells,
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devices able to repair cells,
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diamond-based structural materials, and
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other molecular manufacturing systems.
Smallest object ever created by humans
was sculpted by two laser beams focused across resin.
The resin solidified only where the lasers crossed.
Created by a team of researchers at Osaka University in
Japan, the bull measures 10 microns from horns to tail,
and seven microns across (1 micron = 1000 nm).
Nano Bull
Could sit on a single human blood cell
Can fabricate any structure of design.
Another team at Osaka University is
developing devices to be implanted into
the human body
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Hope to combine the two techniques
Cell surgery or blood cell reparation
The Promise
Promises to be a new Industrial Revolution.
Global market for nanotech products to reach
$700 billion by 2008
Cheap products
100% recyclable
The leanest manufacturing ever!!
VISIONS OF LIFE
Nanotechnology makes better social and
economic conditions possible:
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Every product made to customer
specifications
Food plentiful
Diseases cured (Nanobiotechnology)
Clean up toxic waste
Create clean energy and bountiful clean water
C60
“buckyballs” or fullerenes
Can encapsulate things
Many interesting
properties
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Superconductivity
Carbon Nanotubes
Tubes 10,000 X thinner than a human hair
An electronic device based on a single rolled-up
sheet of carbon atoms
Discovered in 1991 by researchers at NEC
Potential for use as minuscule wires or in ultrasmall electronic devices.
Nanotubes
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Mechanically strong - held by covalent
bonds
Folds and buckles but does not snap
Hollow interiors - put things inside them
Different radius
Tube is stable and won’t react on the
outside
Conductive and respond to electrical fields
Carbon Nanotube Transistor
May 2002: Researchers built the world's first
array of transistors out of carbon nanotubes -tiny cylinders of carbon atoms that measure as
small as 10 atoms across and are 500 times
smaller than today's silicon-based transistors.
The breakthrough is a new batch process for
forming large numbers of nanotube transistors.
The Threat
Displacing mature technologies
Disruptive in the workplace and the economy
Unintended consequences
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Social impacts
“Today’s science fiction is
often tomorrow’s science
fact.”
-Stephen Hawking
NANOTECH TRENDS
Convergence of computers, networks,
biotech will create products never before
imagined
Nanodevices will be invisible, intelligent
and powerful
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Used in every industry defining the limits of
what is possible
NANOTECH TRENDS
Smaller than the head of a pin, surgical
nanobots will operate from within the
human body
Nano-biology will prolong life, prevent
illness, and increase people’s health
NANOTECH SIGNS
StuffDust (nano-product created by San
Francisco-based company minus9)
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Marks objects and materials with serial numbers
invisible to the naked eye - easily read with an
optical microscope
Composed of micron-scale particles
Smaller than human hair
Carries a serial number
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Marketed as efficient and secure way to mark
computers, currency, explosives, toxic waste, etc.
New way to thwart thieves and improve inventory
controls and manufacturing
NANOTECH SIGNS
World’s first implantable micro-machine,
insulin-dispensing device was developed in
1998
Miniature cochlea ear implants are giving
back hearing to thousands of people
Cornell scientist created a nano-sized guitar
to demonstrate the scale at which we can
manipulate molecules today
VISIONS OF LIFE
Organic nano-engineering:
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Computer biochips with organic materials to
replace silicon
Viruses and proteins as molecular machines
or nanofactories to build commercial products
New drug development
VISIONS OF LIFE
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Synthetic DNA (nanogeonomics) to use for
creating cloned life forms, robotics, human
organs, and hybrid synthetic/organic
compounds
Nano-informatics - use of advanced
computers to “grow” nano-engineered
products from informational models
Nanotechnology – What is it?
Rearrange matter with atomic precision
Central thesis of nanotechnology is that
almost any chemically stable structure that
is not specifically disallowed by the laws of
physics can in fact be built.
Researchers have been building tiny
motors inspired by machinery inside living
cells.
These biomolecular motors run on
adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, the same
energy-rich molecule that powers chemical
reactions within cells.
The Promise –
Nanotechnology should let us:
Get every atom in the right place.
Make almost any structure consistent with
the laws of physics that we can specify in
molecular detail.
Have manufacturing costs not greatly
exceeding the cost of the required raw
materials and energy.
Health Issues
Some nanoparticles are so small, they can
slip past the immune system or directly
into the brain, bypassing the selective
blood-brain barrier.
Makes nanoparticles useful for delivering
much-needed drugs
But they might also deliver toxins.
Environmental Studies
Studying how nano-structured membranes
could screen pesticides and harmful
bacteria from water supplies.
Other scientists are developing low-cost,
nano-scale iron hydroxide granules to
remove arsenic from drinking water.
Still others have suggested that nanosized sensors could help detect pollutants
or monitor and correct changes in the
ozone layer.
“If it can be done, it will be done”
“The same kinds of sweeping patents that
have allowed biotech firms to "own life," in
effect, may allow nanotech firms to "own"
the building blocks of the entire physical
world”
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Hope Shand, director of research in the ETC
Group, Carrboro, N.C.
Thank You
Crossing the Bridge to Nanomanufacturing
Tech 2003
Speakers:
Marcene Sonneborn
Kirk Wardell
May 7, 2003
Nanotech – Who’s Involved
Entrepreneurs
Public
Companies
Universities
Private
Companies
Nanotechnology
Non-Profits
Venture
Capital
Government
Grade
Schools
Nanotech - Collectively, $B’s & $T’s
2003
$???M
2003
$???M
Entrepreneurs
Public
Companies
Universities
2003
$???B
Private
Companies
Nanotechnology
Non-Profits
2003
$880M
Venture
Capital
Government
Grade
Schools
2003
$766M
Federal Initiative:
National
Nanotechnology
Initiative (NNI)
Ten Federal Agencies are requesting
funding in the 2004 budget for NNI
activities
FY 2004 budget request $847
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9.5% increase over FY 2003
NNI Chart
NNI expenditures in the United States:
FY 01
FY 02
FY 03
$464 M
$604 M
$710 M
The $$ are Flowing
2002 – 2003 > 18% increase in the budget
Some Areas of Focus
Disease
Treatment
Energy
Medications
Organ
Growth
Manufacturing
Nanotechnology
Transportation
Weapons
Plastics
Textiles
Ceramics
Epoxies
Metals
Waste
Electronics
Surgery
Sensors
Methods Must Change
Current Methods
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Start Larger
Grind, saw, weld, melt, machine, bend, etc into
desired part or product
The Nano Method
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Start with atoms and molecules
Grow to desired end product
The Bridge Methods
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Add Nano & Micro Technologies to existing processes
and or materials > Nanocomposites & MEMS
MEMS
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
MEMS Applications
Miniature Microphones
Inkjet Printer Heads
Piezo Light Switches > self
powered
Airbags > accelerometers
Environment Sensors >
Temperature, pressure, etc
Wired / Wireless Communication
MEMS in the Marketplace
Applied MEMS to Provide Accelerometers for Earthquake
Monitoring
May 03 @ 22:02:10 HOUSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--May 1, 2003
Applied MEMS Inc. [profile], an Input/Output company, and Refraction
Technology Inc. (REF TEK), announced today that Applied MEMS has
been selected to manufacture its MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical
systems) based Si-Flex(TM) accelerometer sensor modules for REF
TEK, a leading supplier of seismic recording systems for earthquake
monitoring applications.
REF TEK will integrate the sensor modules into seismic recording
systems for the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Advanced National
Seismic System (ANSS). The Si-Flex sensor converts ground vibrations
into an electronic signal that can be processed for monitoring seismic
events such as earthquakes. This represents the second such contract
from REF TEK with Applied MEMS for addressing this specific
application.
Nanocomposites
Cocktail of organic and in-organic materials that are brought together by catalysts
to form super materials whose properties are significantly better than either of the
individual materials.
The whole is greater than the sum of the parts
Case in Point
Nanosteel Company > Maitland, Florida
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Developed coating for steel
20,000 inch thick > mixture of iron, carbon, tungsten,
boron
increased surface hardness > 4x over conventional
alloys
lasted 48 hours on 20-ton mining rock-crusher
plates before wearing out > any other coating lasts
1 hour
currently being tested by Navy to extend engine life
from 80 hours to over 1000 hours > saving $110,000
per engine replacement
Cause & Affect
The Technology
Potential Industries Impacted
Engine Manufactures
fewer engines needed
Nanosteel
Coating
Engine Part Manufactures
fewer parts needed
Drill Bit Manufactures
fewer bits needed
Nanoclay
Added to plastic
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Improved tensile strength
Improved vapor barrier traits
Low wt. % required
More flame resistant
Biodegradable
Uses
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Food packaging
Beer and other carbonated drinks
Most areas where bottles/cans are
used
Cause & Affect
The Technology
Potential Industries Impacted
Bottle Manufactures
Decrease in the number
of bottles used
Nanoclay
Can Manufactures
Decrease in the number
of cans used
Transportation
Lower weight means
less revenue
Yeah, But When ??
How long does it take for companies to
change?
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1, 2, 5, 7, …x years
How quickly is technology advancing?
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Every 10, 5, 2, …x years
Will technology advance faster than some
companies’ ability to change?
Examples of Current NanoProducts
The Company
The Products
Better, Faster, Stronger
Eddie Bauer /
Dockers
Shirt, Pants and Ties
Stain Resistant
General Motors
Step Assists
Safari & Astro Van
Lighter, stronger, rust-proof
Toyota
Bumpers
60% lighter, twice as dent
resistant
Wilson
Tennis Balls
Bounces twice as long
Samsung
Carbon Nanotube
TV’s
Brighter, more efficient
More Examples
The
Products
Better, Faster,
Stronger
Cosmetics
Lipstick that lasts
longer, smears
less, reflects light
in wrinkles
Biotech Dies Glow in vibrant
colors when hit
with different
wavelengths of
light
Organic
Light
Emitting
Diodes
Generate own light
- requiring less
energy, more vivid
How Will Methods Change
Might get easier
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Some catalyzed materials are easier to process
Might stay the same
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Some materials have no apparent affect on the
process
Might have to completely change
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Some materials will require extensive changes to
current processes including wholesale replacement
Now What Do I Do
Become Educated
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The Web
Search Engine
type in “Nanotech + your industry name”
Foresight Institute
http://www.foresight.org/NanoRev/index.html
TDO
http://www.tdo.org/nano.htm
Now What Do I Do
Become Educated
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Read
A listing of nano books on Amazon.com
http://www.foresight.org/NanoRev/Bookstore.html
Periodicals > Small Times
http://smalltimes.com/index.cfm
eNewsletters > industry / focus specific
Now What Do I Do
Become Educated
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Get Involved
Alliances / Focus Groups
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Alliance for Nanomedical Technologies
Plastics Industry
Symposiums / Conferences
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Polymer Outreach Program > May 21-23
Albany Symposium 2003 > September 22-24
University Partnerships
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Outreach programs
Nanotechnology Research Centers
Federally Funded Nanotech Centers
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Total of 6 in the United States – 3 of the 6 are in New
York State
Cornell University
Center for Nanoscale Systems (largest of the 6)
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Directed Assembly of Nanostructures
Columbia University
Electronic Transport in Molecular Nanostructures
Available Resources
Alfred University > Ceramics
Binghamton University > Electronic Packaging
Clarkson University > Coatings & Surface Science
Cornell University > Materials
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute > Robotics
Rochester Institute of Technology > Bioinformatics
Syracuse University > Software Engineering
University at Albany > Semiconductors
University at Buffalo > Biotechnology
Bottom Line
Don’t Wait
Start Investigating Now
It’s fun / exciting
Helps create competitive advantage
Helps create more of a reason for
customers to look to you for solutions
Thank You