Transcript Using Management Information Systems

Opposing Forces Guide–I Don’t Need This Class
Consider the following:






I already know how to use Excel and Word.
I’m terrified of computers.
There’s really no content in this class.
I’m sure that there is some merit to this class, but
consider the opportunity cost.
The only thing I need to know is how to surf the
Web and how to use email.
What, you mean this class is not about learning
Excel and FrontPage.
Do these positions have merit?
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
1
What Is Management Information Systems (MIS)?
MIS is the development and use of
information systems that help businesses
achieve their goals and objectives
There are three key elements:
 Components of an information systems
 Development and use of information
systems
 Achieving business goals and objectives
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
2
Components of an Information Systems
An information system (IS) a group of
components that interact to produce
information.
It is commonly referred to as a ComputerBased Information System.
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
3
Figure 1-1 Five Components of an
Information System
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4
Using the Five-Component Framework
The five-component framework can help
guide your learning and thinking about IS
both now and in the future.
This concept consists of:



Actors
Instructions
Bridge
Automation occurs when a business process
is moved to a computer to perform the
business process
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
5
Figure 1-3 Characteristics of the Five Components
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
6
The Most Important Component-YOU
You are part of every information system that
you use.
Your mind and thinking are the most
important component.
If you do not know what to do with your
information system’s information, you are
wasting time and money.
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
7
High-Tech vs. Low-Tech IS
Information systems differ in the amount of
work that is moved from the human side.

Low tech–email program and addresses
only

High tech–customer support system
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
8
Understanding New Information Systems
Use the five-component framework to learn
about new systems.
Focus questions on:






Hardware needs
Programs to license
Databases and other data to create
Procedures to create or modify
System administration
Organization impact (people)
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
9
Components Ordered by Difficulty and Disruption
Hardware–usually simple to install
Program, database, and procedure
development or modification can be difficult.
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
10
Information Characteristics
What Is Information?
Information is defined as:
 Knowledge derived from data
 Data presented in a meaningful context
 Data processed by summing, ordering,
averaging, grouping, comparing, or other
similar operations
 A difference that makes a difference
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
11
Information Is Subjective
Information in one person’s context is just a
data point in another person’s context.
Context changes occur in information
systems when the output of one system feeds
a second system.
Information is always subjective.
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
12
Figure 1-4
One User’s Information Is Another User’s
Data
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
13
Figure 1-5 Characteristics of Good Information
Accurate
Timely
Relevant


To context
To subject
Just barely sufficient
Worth Its Cost
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
14
Information Technology vs. Information Systems
Information technology and information
systems are two closely related terms.
Information technology refers to the products,
methods, inventions, and standards that are
used for the purpose of producing
information.
Information technology drives the
development of new information systems.
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
15
Moore’s Law
Gordon Moore, cofounder of Intel
Corporation, stated that because of
technology improvements in electronic
chip design and manufacturing the
number of transistors per square inch
on an integrated chip doubles every 18
months, and as a result the speed of
computer chip, also doubles
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
16
Dramatic Reduction in Price/Performance Ratio
As a result of Moore’s Law, the
price/performance ratio of computers has
fallen dramatically for over 40 years
The availability of increased computing power
has enabled developments such as:







Laser printers
Graphical user interfaces
High-speed communications
Cell phones
PDAs
Email
Internet
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
17
Figure 1-6 Computer Price/Performance Ratio
Decreases
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
18
Summary
Management information systems is the
development and use of information systems
that help business achieve their goals and
objectives.
An information system is a group of
components that interact to produce
information.
The five components of an information
system are: hardware, software, data,
procedures, and people.
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
19
Summary (Continued)
Non-IS majors need to know about IS
development because, as future users, they
will provide requirements for new systems
and facilitate the management of new
products.
Business professionals need to know how to
use information systems and how to assist in
managing an IS for better security and
reliability.
Businesses are inanimate; they do nothing.
People provide the energy that activates
businesses.
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
20
Summary (Continued)
As a business professional, you need
sufficient MIS knowledge to be an informed
and effective consumer of information
technology products and services.
The five-component summary can guide your
learning.
The term information has four definitions.
Information is subjective, one person’s data is
another person’s information.
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
21
Summary (Continued)
Information technology (IT) refers to products,
inventions, methods, and standards used for
the purpose of producing information.
Information Systems (IS) refers to the
assembly of hardware, software, data,
procedures, and people that produces
information.
Moore’s Law states that the number of
transistors on an integrated circuit doubles
every 18 months and as a result the power of
computing also doubles.
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
22
Ethics Guide–Ethics of Mis-Directed
Information Use
You hear over a conversation regarding the
offer that a competing customer is going to
make on a condo that you are also going to
make an offer.

Do you use this information you hear to your
advantage?
Same situation as above except you receive
the information via email


Do you read the email?
If so, do you use the information you read to your
advantage?
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc.
23