Transcript JEDNOSTKA ARYTMETYCZNO-LOGICZNA

THE MEMORY ELEMENTS
Words in high-speed memory
Read-write random-access memory
The Memory Units
•1 b – 1 bit
•1 Kb = 1024 (210) b – 1 kilobit
•1 Mb = 1024 (210) Kb = 1048576 (220) b – 1 megabit
•1 Gb = 1024 (210) Mb = 1073741824 (230) b – 1 gigabit
•1 Tb = 1024 (210) Gb = 1099511627776 (240) b – 1 terabit
•1 byte = one 8 bit word (a sequence of 8 bits at the same address)
•1 B – 1 byte
•1 KB = 1024 (210) bytes – 1 kilobyte
•1 MB = 1024 (210) KB = 1048576 (220) B – 1 megabyte
•1 GB = 1024 (210) MB = 1073741824 (230) B – 1 gigabyte
•1 TB = 1024 (210) GB = 1099511627776 (240) B – 1 terabyte
Basic static memory cell
Linearselect
SRAM
Decoders
Decoders
condt
Decoders
condt
Two-dimensional
static memory
cell
Two-dimensional
memory
organization
Two-dimensional
memory
organization condt
Comparison of numbers of electronic elements used in
one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems of memory
Number of
memory cells
Linear selection
Twodimensional
selection
16
64 transistors
16 transistors
4096
49152 transistors
768 transistors
1 megabit (220)
20 000 000
transistors
20 000
transistors
Bus for
computer
system
IC package of RAM chip
Interfacing chips to a bus
Layout for adding memory to a bus
Another IC package
of RAM chip
Dynamic random-access
memories
DRAM
timing signals
in normal
and paging
mode
operation
Read-only
memories
Read-only
memories
condt
Types of read-only memories
MROM (Eng. Mascable ROM)
PROM (Eng. Programmable ROM)
EPROM (Eng. Erasable and programmable ROM)
EEPROM (Eng. Electrically erasable and programmable
ROM)
An important application of EEPROM: Flash-BIOS