Transcript Organic Nano-Radio Frequency Identification Devices

The Future of Organic Electronics
Jaya Movva
Ben Spearin
Jon Anderson
Joshua Wrazen
Inorganic vs. Organic
• Organic electronics, or plastic electronics, is the branch of
electronics that deals with conductive polymers, which are
carbon based.
• Inorganic electronics, on the other hand, relies on inorganic
conductors like copper or silicon.
Silicon sample
Carbon sample
Benefits and Obstacles
• Organic electronics are lighter, more flexible, and less
expensive than their inorganic counterparts.
• They are also biodegradable (being made from carbon).
• This opens the door to many exciting and advanced new
applications that would be impossible using copper or silicon.
• However, conductive polymers have high resistance and
therefore are not good conductors of electricity.
• In many cases they also have shorter lifetimes and are much
more dependant on stable environment conditions than
inorganic electronics would be.
Cost
Fabrication Cost
Device Size
Material
Required Conditions
Process
Organic Electronic
Silicon
$5 / ft2
$100 / ft2
Low Capital
$1-$10 billion
10 ft x Roll to Roll
< 1m2
Flexible Plastic Substrate
Rigid Glass or Metal
Ambient Processing
Ultra Cleanroom
Continuous Direct Printing
Multi-step Photolithography
http://www.xeroxtechnology.com/ip1.nsf/sedan1?readform
&unid=2D1FF1AC91C40AA985256D1A00616714
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
• An OLED is a thin film LED in which the emissive layer is an
organic compound.
• When this layer is polymeric (or plastic), OLEDs can be
deposited in rows and columns on a screen using simple
printing methods that are much more efficient than those
used in manufacturing traditional LEDs.
• A key benefit of
OLEDs is that
they don’t need
a backlight to
function.
How it Works
• An electron and hole pair is generated inside the emissive
layer by a cathode and a transparent anode, respectively.
• When the electron
and hole combine,
a photon is
produced, which
will show up as a
dot of light on the
screen.
• Many OLEDs together on a screen make up a picture
•
•
•
•
•
•
Less expensive to produce
Wide range of colors and viewing angle
Consumes much less energy than traditional LCDs.
Flexible and extremely thin
Limited lifetime of about 1,000 hours.
Susceptible to water
Organic transistors
•
INTRODUCTION
Organic transistors are transistors that use organic molecules rather than silicon for
their active material. This active material can be composed of a wide variety of
molecules.
• Advantages of organic transistors:
–
–
–
–
•
Compatibility with plastic substances
Lower temperature is used while manufacturing (60-120°C)
Lower cost and deposition processes such as spin-coating, printing and evaporation
Less need to worry about dangling bonds( simplifies the process)
Disadvantages of organic transistors:
– Lower mobility and switching speeds compared to Si
wafers
– Usually does not operate under invasion mode.
Example of an organic transistor (on the side)
Organic Thin film transistors(OTFTS)
•
TFTs are transistors created using thin films, usually of silicon deposited on glass. The deposited
silicon must be crystallized using laser pulses at high temperatures. OTFTs active layers can be
theramlly evaporated and deposited on any organic substrate (a flexible piece of plastic) at much
lower temperatures.
•
Benefits of an OTFT:
–
Does not require glass substrate as
amorphous Si does. It could be made
on a piece of plastic.
– Manufactured at lower temperatures
– Deposition techniques could reduce
costs dramatically.
•
Challenges involved:
–
–
Workarounds for complications with photo resists.
To find organic semiconductors with high enough
mobilities and
switching times.
Picture of an OTFT made on a
plastic substrate
•
FUTURE
–
OTFT technology’s application is diverse.
Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) technology
involves the use of organic semiconducting
compounds in electronic components,
notably computer displays. Such displays are
bright, the colors are vivid, they provide fast
response times (which need to be developed
in OTFT), and they are easy to read in most
ambient lighting environments.
–
Organic substrates allow for displays to be fabricated on flexible surfaces, rather than on
rigid materials as is necessary in traditional TFT displays. A piece of flexible plastic might be
coated with OTFT material and made into a display that can be handled like a paper
document. Sets of such displays might be bundled, producing magazines or newspapers
whose page contents can be varied periodically, or even animated. This has far-reaching
ramifications. For example, comic book characters might move around the pages and
speak audible words. More likely, such displays will find use in portable computers and
communications systems.
Organic Nano-Radio Frequency
Identification Devices
Production and Applications
• Quicker Checkout
• Inventory Control
• Reduced Waste
• Efficient flow of goods
from manufacturer to
consumer
Production Specifications of
Manufacturing a Nano-RFID
• > 96 bits
• Four main communication Bands:
135KHz, 13.56MHz, 900MHz, 2.4 GHz
• Vacuum Sublimation
The Future of Organic Electronics
http://www.orgatronics.com/organic_electronics.html
The Future of Organic Electronics
Smart Textiles
•Integrates electronic devices into textiles, like clothing
•Made possible because of low fabrication temperatures
•Has many potential
uses, including:
Monitoring heart-rate
and other vital signs,
controlling embedded
devices (mp3 players),
keep the time…
http://www.orgatronics.com/smart_fabrics.html
The Future of Organic Electronics
Lab on a Chip
•A device that incorporates
multiple laboratory functions in a
single chip
•Organic is replacing some Si
fabrication methods:
-Lower cost
-Easier to manufacture
-More flexible
http://www.orgatronics.com/lab_on_chip.html
The Future of Organic Electronics
Portable, Compact Screens
•Screens that can roll up into small devices
•Black and White prototype already made by Philips
(the Readius™ at the bottom-left)
•Color devices will be here eventually
http://www.polymervision.com/Technology/downloads/Index.html
http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2005-04-05/gencer-plasticelectronics
References
•
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci512140,00.html
•
students.washington.edu/jetpeach/ EE341_Organic_Transistors_Presentation.ppt
•
http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/anthony/tft.html
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED
•
www.tagsysrfid.com